Analyse the strengths and weaknesses of social survey methods in social research. (UPSC CSE Mains 2020 - Sociology, Paper 1)
Survey method, one of the quantitative methods is a method of obtaining information from a given population for a specific purpose. Rather than gathering information form each and every individual, survey research draws a representative part of total population and collects information from it. There are various techniques and procedures available to draw the sample out of the total population to make it adequate and representative. Through survey method, we can obtain information from a considerably large population in a comprehensive manner. This method is useful to know about macro phenomenon such as the extent and nature of poverty etc.
Uses
1) Self administered, internet surveys are cost effective.
2) It can be administered in geographically distant and diverse locations.
3) Very large samples can be accommodated making the results statistically significant.
4) Different modes for administering a questionnaire is available with the researcher. Best suited option can be exercised.
5) Instruments of data collection are standardized implying more reliability and validity.
Limitations
1) Respondents may not recall answers to questions accurately or they may not understand questions which seem simple to researchers.
2) Some respondents may purposely give biased responses to impress the researcher.
3) Surveys depend on the careful framing of questions for collection of data. Researchers need to ensure that the questions are valid and reliable.
4) Surveys are increasingly using online methods and computer-assisted techniques which people might skip answering.
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