Discuss the significance of Indo-US strategic partnership and its implications for India's security and national defence. (UPSC CSE Mains 2020 - Political Science and International Relations, Paper 2).
The U.S.-India strategic partnership is founded on shared values including a commitment to democracy and upholding the rules-based international system. Both have shared interests in promoting global security, stability, and economic prosperity through trade, investment, and connectivity.
Economic Relations:
- The US has emerged as India''s biggest trading partner in 2022-23 on account of increasing economic ties between the two countries.
- The bilateral trade between India and the U.S. has increased by 65% to USD 128.55 in 2022-23as against USD 119.5 billion in 2021-22. Exports to the U.S. rose by 2.81% to USD 78.31 billion in 2022-23 as against USD 76.18 billion in 2021-22, while imports grew by about 16% to USD 50.24 billion.
International Cooperations:
- India and the United States cooperate closely at multilateral organizations, including the United Nations, G-20, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Regional Forum, International Monetary Fund, World Bank,and World Trade Organization.
- The United States welcomed India joining the UN Security Council in 2021 fora two-year term and supports a reformed UN Security Council that includes India as a permanent member.
- Together with Australia and Japan, the United States and India convene as the Quad to promote a free and open Indo-Pacific and provide tangible benefits to the region.
- India is also one of twelve countries partnering with the United States on the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF).
- India is a member of theIndian Ocean Rim Association (IORA), at which the United States is a dialogue partner.
- In 2021, the United States joined the International Solar Alliance headquartered in India, and in 2022 the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
The partnership between the two countries is critical for ensuring a free, open, and rules-bound Indo-Pacific region. The unparalleled Demographic Dividend provides enormous opportunities for the US and Indian firms for technology transfer, manufacturing, trade and investment. India is emerging as a leading player in an international system that is undergoing an unprecedented transformation. It shall use its present situation to explore opportunities to further its vital interests.
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