Social inequality involves a situation in which the distribution of resources within society is uneven. It’s the fact that some individuals have access to social goods in a given community as compared to others due to their power, religion, family ties, and reputation. For example, Caste System. Social classes also contribute to social inequality by allowing members of lower classes to be avoided. Globalization plays a part in inequality because the world is now a global village; people have an inferiority complex and look down on others.

Natural inequality is defined as “inequality for which society is not responsible under previous actions and policies”. Natural things that are not evenly distributed, such as minerals, and wildlife. This implies that natural inequality is a consequence of how the world was formed rather than human actions. A typical example of natural inequality is the difference in people’s IQ and intellectual ability. Natural inequality also extends to people’s height, health, the difference in age, and cognitive development.

Natural inequalities and social inequalities are two distinct concepts that refer to different aspects of life. Three key differences between them are:

1. Nature of Origin:

• Natural inequalities: These arise from differences in physical and biological attributes that individuals possess inherently. For instance, variations in height, strength, intelligence, and health can be considered natural inequalities. These differences are a result of genetic factors, environmental influences, and random chance.
• Social inequalities: On the other hand, social inequalities stem from the uneven distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges within a society. They are a product of social structures, power dynamics, and cultural norms. Examples of social inequalities include disparities in income, education, occupation, and access to healthcare.

2. Influence of Agency:

• Natural inequalities: Individuals have limited control over natural inequalities as they are largely predetermined. While people can take measures to enhance certain attributes, such as improving physical fitness or acquiring knowledge, the extent of these enhancements is influenced by genetic factors and environmental circumstances.
• Social inequalities: In contrast, social inequalities are influenced by societal factors and human agency. They are shaped by decisions, policies, and actions taken at individual, institutional, and systemic levels. Unlike natural inequalities, social inequalities can be addressed and mitigated through deliberate efforts to promote equality and social justice.

3. Impact on Equality:

• Natural inequalities: Natural inequalities do not necessarily imply unfairness or injustice. They are a reflection of the inherent diversity of human beings and the complexity of nature. While they can create advantages or disadvantages for individuals, they are not inherently discriminatory or oppressive.
• Social inequalities: In contrast, social inequalities often lead to unjust outcomes and perpetuate systemic discrimination. They create barriers and disadvantages for certain groups based on factors such as race, gender, socioeconomic status, or caste. Social inequalities can limit individuals'' opportunities, restrict social mobility, and reinforce patterns of privilege and marginalization.

Hence, natural inequalities arise from inherent differences in individuals'' physical and biological attributes, while social inequalities result from the uneven distribution of resources and opportunities within a society. Natural inequalities are largely predetermined and have limited agency, whereas social inequalities are influenced by societal factors and human actions. While natural inequalities do not necessarily imply unfairness, social inequalities often lead to unjust outcomes and perpetuate systemic discrimination.