Recently, the United States President decided not to come as Chief Guest at the 2024 Republic Day parade. It is indicative of a challenging phase in Indo-US ties.

India’s Diplomacy

• Diplomatic Balancing: India has been trying to ensure good relations with all major powers. 
• US-Russia Balancing: The US considers India an important ally in the Indo-Pacific region to counter China’s growing assertiveness. India balances its ties with Russia by engaging in a massive defence deal, like the purchase of the S-400 Russian missile defence system, notwithstanding the possibility of American sanctions through CAATSA.
• In 2017, the US passed the CAATSA  to punish countries with deep ties to Russia, North Korea, and Iran with economic sanctions.
• Changing Foreign Policy: India is shedding its past hesitation in foreign policy matters and is boldly crafting partnerships for a rules-based, democratic international order. 
• Example- Shaping Global Outcomes: In its 75th year after independence, India’s centrality in the wider Indo-Pacific is today well-established, and it wants to play a leading role in the international system so that it can shape global outcomes.
• Economic Balancing: The Indian government enters into multiple alliances and seeks partnerships that correspond to its interests. 
• Example: India has vested interests in the U.S.-led Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) and Russia’s Eastern Economic Forum. 
• Buying Russian Oil: Notwithstanding pressure from the West, India saved roughly $2.7 billion by importing discounted Russian oil in the first nine months of this year.
• Political Balancing: At the political level, India has been trying to make it work with the Quad as well as BRICS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), and other partnerships. 
• India is balancing the Western nation-backed G20 with the China-founded SCO grouping of regional nations. 
• India’s differing behaviour towards Ukraine and Israel, both of which have been attacked in violation of international law, can be explained by this balancing politics. 
• Example: The Indian Government has assured Israel of its full solidarity following the Hamas terrorist attack, while refusing to condemn Russia for the invasion of Ukraine.
• Maintaining Strategic Autonomy: India is engaging in simultaneous military exercises with the United States and Russia, trying to balance its strategic interests. 
• Example: The annual India-U.S. military exercise (Yudh Abhyas) is held in Alaska. Aso, a small contingent of Indian troops participating in a multinational exercise in Russia. 
• Championing Global South: India has emerged as a champion of the interests of the Global South, visible throughout its G20 Presidency.
• Before the Delhi Summit and at the start of its presidency, India convened the first-ever Voice of the Global South Summit with 125 countries participating. 
• India made the Delhi Summit most inclusive by inviting the largest number of guest countries from the Global South. 

Challenges Faced by India’s Diplomacy

• China’s Rise: China is a direct military threat to India, particularly in light of the recent border disputes in Ladakh. 
• China’s influence in both established international organizations like the United Nations and new institutions such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank gives it opportunities to hamper Indian interests and goals in multilateral forums. 
• India and the Middle Powers: India’s outreach to Pacific Asia has faltered because its economic policies have prevented commercial integration with this region. 
• Limitations to the Balancing Act: India finds different routes to avoid sanctions and meet its goals, but this may not work in the long term. 
• Lack of Reliable Partners: As to maintaining cordial relations with all may lack reliable allies. 
• Regional Rivalries: Maintaining stable and cooperative relations is challenging, as relationships with neighboring countries, including Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh, due to various historical and political factors.

Looking ahead

• Shaping Global Politics: India’s role in the geopolitical world is significant, as evidenced by its SCO presidency and hosting of the Voice of the Global South. 
• With its strategic location and growing economic power, India could play a significant role in shaping the future of global politics.
• Providing a Negotiating Platform: For the first time since the beginning of the Russia-Ukraine war. Russia and the US were in conversation during the Raisina Dialogue and the G20 meeting. 
• Global Governance Reforms: The UNSC’s inability to handle recent wars like China’s aggression on Taiwan, Azerbaijan and Armenia dispute, Ukraine-Russia conflict, Israel-Hamas conflict is a global concern, which needs urgent UNSC reform.
• Tackling China Problem: By closer alignment with the US, alongwith the already pursuing policy.