JUNE 10,2026 CURRENT AFFAIRS
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Bankruptcy Law Milestone Supreme Court held that in case of conflict between the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) and the Supreme Court Rules (SCR), the provisions of the IBC will prevail. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) » It was enacted to consolidate laws relating to reorganisation and insolvency resolution of corporate persons, partnership firms and individuals in a time-bound manner. » Four Pillars of IBC Code: Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (regulator), Insolvency Professionals (manage resolution process), Information Utilities (store and authenticate financial data), and Adjudicating Authorities - NCLT (companies/LLPs) and DRT (individuals/partnerships). |
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BESS: Future of Clean Power The Defence Ministry has approved its first-ever 250 MW Solar Power Project with BESS on vacant defence land in Uttar Pradesh. BESS » It is an electrochemical setup that captures excess electrical energy and stores it for later use. » Types of BESS: o Solid rechargeable batteries: Store energy in solid electrodes (e.g., lithium-ion, lead-acid, zinc-air). o Flow batteries: Store energy in liquid electrolytes circulated through tanks (e.g., vanadium redox, zinc-iron, zinc-bromine). » It is considered as one of Distributed Energy Resources(DER). o DERs are small, modular, decentralized power-generating systems located near the point of energy use. o Other DERs: Biomass generators Fixed, Fuel cells, Rooftop solar photovoltaic units. |
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Boosting Crops with IMI Mustard India is set to begin the wide-scale cultivation of Imidazolinone-Resistant (IMI-resistant) mustard hybrids. » Mustard is a major oilseed crop. India imported around 16 million tonnes of edible oil, worth nearly ₹1.6 lakh crore in 2024-25. IMI Resistant Mustard Hybrids » It is developed througha process called mutation breeding, in which scientists breed crops to preserve certain natural mutations. » Basis: The process is based on an enzyme called acetolactate synthase (ALS), which is essential for plant growth. o Normal Plants: IMI herbicides inhibit the ALS enzyme, disrupting growth and causing plant death. o IMI-resistant Hybrids: A mutation alters the ALS enzyme, preventing herbicide binding. » Advantages of IMI-Resistant Mustard Hybrids o Orobanche is a parasitic weed that attaches to mustard roots and draws water and nutrients from the host plant. » Weed Management: Enables efficient control of Orobanche/Phelipanche. » Lower Labour Dependence: Minimizes need for labour-intensive manual weeding operations. » Other: Enhanced Productivity, etc. How are Hybrids different from Genetically Modified Crops? » Hybrids: Developed by cross-breeding genetically distinct parent plants to combine desirable traits. » GM Crops: Developed by directly inserting or modifying genes using genetic engineering techniques. E.g., Bt cotton (gene from Bacillus thuringiensis), GM mustard
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Coal Exchange: Transparent Trade Hub Ministry of Coal notified Coal Exchange Rules, 2026, aimed at introducing Coal Exchanges to improve transparency and effective price discovery. » Recently enacted Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2025 introduced the concept of a Mineral Exchange. Coal Exchange » Meaning: A mineral exchange, where buyers and sellers of coal, transact, trade and enter into contracts on an online platform. » Eligibility for Coal Exchange o Company under Companies Act, 2013. o applicant is demutualised (ownership and management of applicant are segregated from the trading rights). o Net worth of not less than fifty crore rupees. » Significance: Mark a paradigm shift in coal marketing by enabling multiple sales channels, from ‘one-to-many’ to ‘many-to-many’. |
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Cyber Fraud Under NHRC Lens NHRC noted that Indians lost about ₹52,976 crore to cyber-enabled frauds over the last six years, with nearly 8% linked to digital arrest scams. » Cyber-enabled frauds are traditional offline crimes whose scale, reach, and speed are amplified using information and communication technology (ICT). Digital Arrest Scam » Definition: It is a scam designed to extort money from victims using fear, deceit, and intimidation. » Method: Victims receive a phone call, email, or message claiming they are under investigation for illegal activities, such as identity theft or money laundering. » Threats and Pressure: Scammers use arrest threats to create panic and prevent victims from thinking rationally. Suggestions to Curb Digital Arrest Scams » Legal & Regulatory Reforms: Recognise digital arrest scams as a distinct offence, criminalise mule accounts and related enablers, and regulate OTT communication platforms to curb cyber fraud. » Victim Support: Create a dedicated victim compensation fund, and enable rapid freezing of fraudulent transactions during the “golden hour.” » Single Verification Portal: Establish a unified government platform for verifying the authenticity of law enforcement credentials, notices, and communications. |
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Digital Gateway for Land Ports Land Port Management System (LPMS) part of Smart Borders initiative, launched to create a digital, integrated and real-time management system for India''s land ports. » Land Port is adesignated area on India’s international borders (road or rail) notified as a customs/immigration checkpoint. Land Port Management System (Vinimay) » LPMS is a centralized digital platform developed by the Land Ports Authority of India (LPAI) to streamline and integrate operations for cargo processing and passenger movement. o LPAI is a Statutory body under Ministry of Home Affairs, established through Land Ports Authority of India Act, 2010, to develop, manage, and modernise Integrated Check Posts (ICPs) and border infrastructure along India''s land borders. » Key Features o Single Electronic Window and Real-Time Data Sharing (Integration with CBIC, BSF, and other agencies) o Equipped with Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) for automated gate operations. |
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Fury of the Desert Winds Recently massive dust storms hit Delhi. Dust storms » A dust storm is a wall of dust and debris that is often blown into an area by strong winds from thunderstorms. » The wall of dust can be miles long and several thousand feet high. » Dust storms often begin in dry, desert areas but their effects can reach far beyond the source. » Northwest India experiences convective dust storms, locally called "Aandhi", mainly during the pre-monsoon season (March–May), with peak frequency in May. » Most affected areas: Rajasthan, followed by Haryana, Punjab, and Western Uttar Pradesh. » Dust Storm and Atmosphere o Dust is a major component of atmospheric aerosols. o Dust particles also significantly impact weather due to feedback processes related to atmospheric dynamics, cloud formation, and precipitation. |
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Human Rights Body Warns of Cyber Scams Ancient Maritime trade connections between the two witnessed not only the establishment of key trading settlements in ports like Funan (present-day Cambodia), Srivijaya (Sumatra), but also led to exchange of ideas between 500 AD to 1500 AD. o Inscriptions like Veal Kantel (Cambodia); Yupa (Indonesia); Devanika (Laos) bear a testimony to it. o Impact of Indian Ideas in Southeast Asia in Key areas » Language and Literature: Many Southeast Asian languages, including Thai, Khmer, Malay, Javanese, and Balinese, borrowed extensively from Sanskrit. o Indian epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata were translated and adapted into local literary traditions. » Religious Adaptations: o Temple complexes built by Cham Civilization (Vietnam) like My Son Sanctuary was dedicated primarily to Shiva with Sanskrit Inscriptions and Linga worship. o Angkor Wat Temple Complex (Cambodia) was originally dedicated to Vishnu; Angkor Thom and the Bayon temple later expressed Buddhist influence. o Sites like Dvaravati in Thailand reflected strong Buddhist presence. o Plains of Baganin Burma (Mynamar) contained thousands of temples and stupas. o Borobudur, a massive Buddhist monument built by Sailendra dynasty of Java, Indonesia. » Political Adaptations: Religion legitimised kingship where king was seen as devaraja, or god-king, echoing Indian ideas adapted to local political needs. » Performing Arts: Graceful movements, intricate hand gestures, and storytelling aspects of Indian dance were incorporated into dance forms like Thai and Cambodian classical dance (Apsara dance). o Music and musical instruments, including sitar, tabla, and mridangam, also found way into Southeast Asian musical traditions. » Architecture: Sites like Angkor Wat, Borobudur, and My Son temples, focused on Indic iconography and sacred architecture. |
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Key Intermediate in Polymers Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has for the first time set norms for tea bags prohibiting harmful chemicals like epichlorohydrin. Epichlorohydrin » Meaning: An epoxide in which one of methyl hydrogens is substituted by chlorine. » Applications: Manufacture of epoxy resins, synthetic glycerine, elastomers, etc. » Physical Characteristics: Volatile and flammable, clear, colourless, liquid, chlorinated cyclic ether, chloroform-like odor that emits toxic fumes of hydrochloric acid and other chlorinated compounds » Health Risks: Classified as probable human carcinogen; can cause eye, skin, and respiratory, blood and reproductive issues. |
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Lok Sabha Speaker Flags House Disorder Legislative disruptions are a form of obstruction where legislative business is forcibly stalled by intentional acts orchestrated by political actors to achieve concrete political objectives. » Ideological distinctions amongst parties, issues of national interests not being given adequate attention, etc. are key reasons fuelling disruptions. Key Impacts of Disruptions » Delays Legislative Business: Along with delaying the business of the house, it also undermines the role of Parliament as a forum for raising citizens’ concerns. » Fewer Institutional Checks: Increasing instances of judiciary over-reach and resorting to ordinances by executive undermines the key function of parliament. » Weakening of deliberative democracy: Due to little to very little discussions over bills. o In 17th Lok Sabha, 58% of total 179 Bills passed were within two weeks of their introduction, and 35% of these were passed with less than an hour of discussion. » Loss of Functional Time: 17th Lok Sabha (2019-2024) sat for just 274 days with average number of sittings per year to be 55. » Declining Consultative Spirt: In 17th Lok Sabha, only 16% of the Bills introduced were referred to the committees losing an expert layer of scrutiny. Measures to Address Disruptions in Legislatures » Establishing a Legislative Committee of Parliament to govern and cooperate legislative scheduling. » Meeting of an all-party Business Advisory Committee to decide on weekly agenda through consensus. » Setting aside certain days for opposition parties to determine the agenda for debate like in the British Parliament. » Increasing Parliamentary sitting days as per recommendations of the National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (2002), etc. |
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Prime Minister – Pillar of Governance Membrane Cell Technology (MCT) » Environment (Protection) Second Amendment Rules, 2025 require caustic soda plants using MCT to pass a fish-survival test for wastewater toxicity during laboratory-based bioassay testing. » A bioassay test is intended to measure the combined toxicity of wastewater. Membrane Cell Technology (MCT) » MCT uses a special membrane to control the chemical process and is considered less polluting than older mercury-based processes. Caustic Soda » Caustic soda, also known as sodium hydroxide, is one of India’s most widely used industrial chemicals. » It is used in industries such as soap, detergents, paper, textiles, aluminium, petrochemicals and water purification. |
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Traps in Digital Design Reports find Indian online buyers losing huge amounts of money annually to dark patterns. Dark Patterns » Meaning: Practices or deceptive design pattern using user interface or user experience on any platform designed to mislead or trick users to do something they originally did not intend or want to do. » Key Dark Patterns: o Basket Sneaking: Automatic addition of a donation during checkout. o Confirm Shaming: Emotional messaging discouraging users from removing donation. o Forced Action: Requiring users to share personal information for subscription. » Regulation: Guidelines for Prevention and Regulation of Dark Patterns, 2023 under Consumer Protection Act, 2019 issued by Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA). |