1. Committee which recommends appointment of CBI Director consists of which of the following? 1) Central Vigilance Commissioner. 2) Union Minister of Home Affairs. 3) Prime Minister. (a) 1 (b) 1, 3 (c) 2, 3 (d) 1, 2, 3 2. Which of the following has/have been inscribed as India’s Mixed World Heritage Site on UNESCO World Heritage List?. 1) Valley of Flowers 2) Rani-Ki-Van 3) Khangchendzonga National Park (a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 2, 3 (d) 1, 2, 3 3. Boost in oxygen level between 445 and 485 million years ago caused (a) Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (b) Ice Age (c) Cambrian Explosion (d) Global Warming 4. Which of the following refer to clouded leopards?

1. Kelral
2. Sanghar
3. Marbled cats

(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 2, 3 (d) 1, 2, 3 5. Which of the following is/are true regarding Committee on Public Undertakings? 1) It was created on the recommendation of the Krishna Menon Committee. 2) Members from Rajya Sabha cannot become chairman of the committee. (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 Nor 2 Answers 1 –(a) Organization of CBI -

• CBI Academy is located at Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh.
• It started functioning in 1996.

CBI has the following divisions - (a) Anti-Corruption Division. (b) Administration Division. (c) Directorate of Prosecution. (d) Central Forensic Science Laboratory. (e) Economic Offences Division. (f) Special Crimes Division. (g) Policy and International Police Cooperation Division. Composition of CBI -

• A Director heads the CBI.
• A special director or an additional director assists the Director.
• It has joint directors, deputy inspector generals, superintendents of police and all other usual ranks of police personnel.
• It also has some law officers.
• By the CVC Act of 2003, Director of CBI has been given security of tenure of 2 years.
• Mechanism for the selection of the Director of CBI and other officers of the rank of SP and above in the CBI has also been given by the CVC Act of 2003.
• The Director of CBI in role of the Inspector-General of Police, Delhi Special Police Establishment, is responsible for the administration of the Delhi Special Police Establishment.
• By the CVC Act, 2003, the superintendence of Delhi Special Police Establishment now rests with the Union Government except investigations of offences which come under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, in which, the superintendence still rests with the Central Vigilance Commission.
• A committee recommends Union Government regarding Director of the CBI. The committee consists of - (a) Central Vigilance Commissioner as Chairperson. (b) Vigilance Commissioners. (c) Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. (d) Secretary (Coordination and Public Grievances) in the Cabinet Secretariat.

  2 –(b) UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations and was came into force on November 04, 1946. The agency was made for the promotion of international collaboration in science, education and culture. It seeks to build peace by collaborating in the above sections of the society. It is headquartered in Paris, France. UNESCO General Conference is held every two years to set the state agency budget. It is headed by Director- General who is appointed by the UN General Assembly. A Director-General is appointed by the General Conference for a period of 6 years.  World Heritage sites in India: There is a total of 38 world heritage sites out of which 30 are cultural, 7 are natural and 1 is mixed in India till now. The last added World Heritage site in India was The Walled city of Jaipur. The decision to include it was made on the 43rd session of the world heritage site committee held in Baku (Capital city of Azerbaijan). The Walled City of Jaipur which is a major hub of arts and crafts secured its place on the World Heritage sites list on 6th July 2019. Before this, the Victorian Art Deco Ensemble of Mumbai was added to the list in 2018. List of World Heritage sites in India The list of 38 world Heritage sites of India distinguish by cultural, natural and mixed are shown below. Cultural World Heritage Sites in India list

S.No.	Name of Cultural World Heritage Site	Year of Notification	State
1	Agra Fort	1983	Uttar Pradesh
2	Ajanta Caves	1983	Maharashtra
3	Ellora Caves	1983	Maharashtra
4	Taj Mahal	1983	Uttar Pradesh
5	Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram	1984	Tamil Nadu
6	Sun Temple, Konarak	1984	Orissa
7	Churches and Convents of Goa	1986	Goa
8	Elephanta Caves	1987	Maharashtra
9	Group of Monuments at Hampi	1986	Karnataka
10	Fatehpur Sikri	1986	Uttar Pradesh
11	Khajuraho Group of Monuments	1986	Madhya Pradesh
12	Group of Monuments at Pattadakal	1987	Karnataka
13	Great Living Chola Temples	1987	Tamil Nadu
14	Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi	1989	Madhya Pradesh
15	Humayun’s Tomb, Delhi	1993	Delhi
16	Mountain Railways of India	1999	Tamil Nadu
17	Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi	1993	Delhi
18	Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya	2002	Bihar
19	Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park	2004	Gujarat
20	Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (Formerly Victoria Terminus)	2004	Maharashtra
21	Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka	2003	Madhya Pradesh
22	Red Fort Complex	2007	Delhi
23	The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur	2010	Rajasthan
24	Hill Forts of Rajasthan	2013	Rajasthan (Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh, Ranthambhore, Amber Sub-Cluster, Jaisalmer, Gagron)
25	Rani-Ki-Van (the Queen’s Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat	2014	Gujarat
26.	Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara (Nalanda University) at Nalanda	2016	Rajasthan Bihar
27.	The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement	2016	Chandigarh
28.	Historic City of Ahmedabad	2017	Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
29.	Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles	2018	Mumbai, Maharashtra
30.	The walled city of Jaipur	2019	Rajasthan

 Natural World Heritage Site of India list

S.No.	Natural World Heritage Site	Year of inclusion	State
1	Kaziranga National Park	1985	Assam
2	Keoladeo Ghana National Park	1985	Rajasthan
3	Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers	1982 2005	Uttarakhand
4	Manas Wildlife Sanctuary	1985	Assam
5	Sunderbans National Park	1984	West Bengal
6	Western Ghats	2012	Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala
7	Great Himalayan National Park	2014	Himachal Pradesh

Mixed Word Heritage Sites in India list

S. No.	Name of Mixed World Heritage Site	Year of Inclusion	State
1	Khangchendzonga National Park	2016	Sikkim

    3 – (a) A boost in levels of oxygen may have caused a three-fold increase in biodiversity during between 445 and 485 million years ago, a study has found. The explosion of diversity, recognised as the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, brought about the rise of various marine life, tremendous change across species families and types, as well as changes to the Earth, starting at the bottom of the ocean floors. This oxygenation is supported by two approaches that are mostly independent from each other, using different sets of geochemical records and predicting the same amount of oxygenation occurred at roughly the same time as diversification. During the Ordovician where near-modern levels of oxygen were reached about 455 million years ago. It should be stressed that this was probably not the only reason why diversification occurred then. It is likely that other changes - such as ocean cooling, increased nutrient supply to the oceans and predation pressures - worked together to allow animal life to diversify for millions of years. Chemical signatures of Oxygen Increase

• Using geochemical proxies, high-resolution data and chemical signatures preserved in carbonate rocks formed from seawater, researchers were able to identify an oxygen increase during the Middle and Late Ordovician periods.
• They found a nearly 80% increase in oxygen levels where oxygen constituted about 14% of the atmosphere during the Darriwilian Stage (Middle Ordovician 460-465 million years ago) and increased to as high as 24% of the atmosphere by the mid-Katian (Late Ordovician 450-455 million years ago).
• This study suggests that atmospheric oxygen levels did not reach and maintain modern levels for millions of years after the Cambrian explosion, which is traditionally viewed as the time when the ocean-atmosphere was oxygenated.
• In this research, scientists were able to show that the oxygenation of the atmosphere and shallow ocean took millions of years, and only when shallow seas became progressively oxygenated were the major pulses of diversification able to take place.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/08/190815180633.htm 4 –(d) https://www.firstpost.com/india/in-a-first-in-india-rare-clouded-leopard-spotted-in-nagaland-mountains-10268701.html#:~:text=The%20animal%20was%20photographed%20at,issue%20of%20the%20Cat%20News. Mizoram's Dampa Tiger Reserve holds the distinction of housing the highest number of clouded leopards in Southeast Asia. The density of population of clouded leopards, locally known as 'Kelral', is 5.14 per 100 sq km in the reserve, situated along the Mizoram-Bangladesh-Tripura. The area of the reserve is around 80 sq km, the release said, adding, the density of population of marbled cats, also known as 'Sanghar', is 5.03 per 100 sq km. The state's environment, forests and climate change department placed several camera traps at different places across the Dampa Tiger Reserve, which captured the clouded leopards 84 times and the marbled cats 36 times.   5 – (c)

• This committee was created in 1964 on the recommendation of the Krishna Menon Committee.
• Originally, it had 15 members (10 from the Lok Sabha and 5 from the Rajya Sabha).
• In1974, its membership was raised to 22 (15 from the Lok Sabha and 7 from the Rajya Sabha).
• The members of this committee are elected by the Parliament every year from amongst its own members according to the principle of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote.
• Thus,all parties get due representation in it.
• The term of office of the members is one year.
• A minister cannot be elected as a member of the committee.
• The chairman of the committee is appointed by the Speaker from amongst its members who are drawn from the Lok Sabha only.
• Thus, the members of the committee who are from the Rajya Sabha cannot be appointed as the chairman. Functions - To examine the reports and accounts of public undertakings. 2. To examine the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General on public undertakings. 3. To examine (in the context of autonomy and efficiency of public undertakings) whether the affairs of the public undertakings are being managed in accordance with sound business principles and prudent commercial practices. 4. To exercise such other functions vested in the public accounts committee and the Estimates Committee in relation to public undertakings which are allotted to it by the Speaker from time-to-time. The committee cannot examine and investigate - 1. Matters of major government policy as distinct from business or commercial functions of the public undertakings. 2. Matters of day-to-day administration. 3. Matters for the consideration of which machinery is established by any special statute under which a particular public undertaking is established. Effectiveness of the committee is limited by - 1. It cannot take up the examination of more than ten to twelve public undertakings in a year. 2. Its work is in the nature of a post-mortem. 3. It does not look into technical matters as its members are not technical experts. 4. Its recommendations are advisory and not binding on the ministries.