• According to a recent report titled ‘Making the Digital Ecosystem Disabled Friendly, WhatsApp has been ranked India’s most accessible app for persons with disabilities, which evaluated the most popular apps across categories like messaging, online payments, transport, e-commerce and food delivery.
• According to the World Health Organization, about 16% of the global population is disabled. Based on that figure, there are at least 192 million disabled Indians.
• Also, India had 750 million Internet/smartphone users in 2020, including 120 million people with disabilities.
• Despite technology''s tremendous potential to level the playing field for the disabled, it can also reinforce barriers if it is not designed with their needs in mind.

Major Challenges with the Digital Ecosystem for Disabled in India

• Lack of Accessibility:
  • Many websites, apps, and online resources are not designed with accessibility in mind, making it difficult for people with disabilities to access them.
  • This includes barriers to using assistive technologieslike screen readers, magnifiers, or voice recognition software, which makes it hard for people with visual, auditory, or motor disabilities to access the digital content.
• Limited Availability of Assistive Technologies:
  • Many people with disabilities in Indiado not have access to the necessary assistive technologies to access digital content. The cost of these devices is often prohibitive, and there is also a lack of awareness about their availability and benefits.
• Limited Awareness:
  • Many people with disabilities in India are not aware of the available digital resources or how to access them.
  • For instance, there is a lack of information on the accessibility features of various digital platforms, apps, and websites.
• Language Barriers:
  • There is a significant language barrier in India, with a vast population speaking different regional languages.
  • Many digital resources are available only in English or Hindi, making it difficult for people who speak other languages to access them.
• Limited User Testing:
  • User testing for people with disabilities is often limited or non-existent. Therefore, the accessibility features and overall usability of digital resources for people with disabilities are not adequately assessed.

Looking ahead

• Accessibility Standards:
  • India can implement accessibility standards to ensure that digital products and services are accessible to persons with disabilities.
  • The accessibility standards should be based oninternational standards such as Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) or Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) standards.
• Inclusive Design:
  • Inclusive design can ensure that digital products and services are designed to be accessibleto everyone, including persons with disabilities.
  • Inclusive design involves designing with the user in mind, taking into consideration their abilities, needs, and limitations.
• Assistive Technology:
  • India can encourage the development and use of assistive technology to help persons with disabilitiesaccess digital products and services.
  • Assistive technology includes software, hardware, and devices that help persons with disabilities to interact with digital products and services.
• Training and Awareness:
  • India can provide training and awareness to digital product and service providers,developers, and designers on accessibility and inclusive design. This can help ensure that accessibility and inclusive design are integrated into the design and development process.
• Collaborations:
  • India can collaborate with organizations, researchers, and experts in the field of disability and accessibilityto develop innovative solutions to make digital products and services accessible to persons with disabilities.
• Government Policies:
  • The Indian government can create policies that incentivize companies to implement accessibility standards and inclusive design in their digital products and services.The government can also create policies that require digital products and services to be accessible to persons with disabilities.
• Use of AI:
  • Currently technology is used to automate a large number of accessibility tests,and combine that with in-depth manual testing to provide comprehensive accessibility feedback to developers.
  • Developers and companies can now use AI to automate accessibility testing and analyze feedback from users with disabilities to provide actionable insights.