EDITORIALS & ARTICLES

Examine the root cause of Langpihp - Boko dispute that is seen in news and detail the recent developments in this case. How can this dispute be resolved?.

Recently, six people were killed and several others injured during an alleged clash between the Assam Police and a mob in an area bordering the West Karbi Anglong district of Assam and Mukroh village in Meghalaya’s West Jaintia Hills.

  • The killings come ahead of the second phase of talks between the two statesto resolve their boundary dispute.

Assam-Meghalaya Border Dispute

  • Assam and Meghalayahave a longstanding dispute in 12 stretches of their 884-km shared border.
  • The Assam-Meghalaya border dispute are the areas ofUpper Tarabari, Gazang reserve forest, Hahim, Langpih, Borduar, Boklapara, Nongwah, Matamur, Khanapara-Pilangkata, Deshdemoreah Block I and Block II, Khanduli and Retacherra.
  • During British rule, undivided Assam included present-day Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Mizoram.
    • Meghalaya was carved out in 1972,its boundaries demarcated as per the Assam Reorganisation (Meghalaya) Act of 1969, but has held a different interpretation of the border since.
    • In 2011, the Meghalaya government had identified 12 areas of difference with Assam,spread over approximately 2,700 sq km.
  • Major Point of Concern:
    • A major point of contention between Assam and Meghalaya is the district of Langpih in West Garo Hillsbordering the Kamrup district of Assam.
    • Langpih was part of the Kamrup district during the British colonial periodbut post-Independence, it became part of the Garo Hills and Meghalaya.
      • Assam considers it to bepart of the Mikir Hills in Assam.
      • Meghalaya has questioned Blocks I and II of the Mikir Hills-now Karbi Anglong region - being part of Assam.
        • Meghalaya says these were parts of erstwhile United Khasiand Jaintia Hills
      • Attempts to Resolve Dispute:
        • In 1985, under the Assam chief minister and Meghalaya chief minister, an official committee was constitutedunder the former Chief Justice of India Y V Chandrachud.
          • However, a solution was not found.
        • Both state governments identified six out of 12 disputed areas for resolutionin the first phase:
          • Three areas contested between West Khasi Hills districtin Meghalaya and Kamrup in Assam, two between RiBhoi in Meghalaya and Kamrup-Metro, and one between East Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya and Cachar in Assam.
        • After a series of meetings and visits by teams to the disputed areas, both sides submitted reportsbased on five mutually agreed principles:
          • Historical perspective, ethnicity of local population, contiguity with boundary, peoples’ will and administrative convenience.
        • A final set of recommendations were made jointly:
          • Out of 36.79 sq km of disputed area taken up for settlement in the first phase, Assam would get full control of 18.46 sq kmand Meghalaya of 18.33 sq km.
          • In March 2022, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed based on these recommendations.
        • The second round of discussions for the remaining six phases is to commence by the end November 2022.

Assam-Meghalaya Border DisputeSuggestions to Resolve the Dispute

  • Boundary disputes between the states can be settled by using satellite mapping of the actual border locations.
  • Reviving the Inter-state councilcan be an option for resolution of an Inter-state dispute.
    • Under Article 263 of the Constitution,the Inter-state council is expected to inquire and advise on disputes, discuss subjects common to all states and make recommendations for better policy coordination.
  • Similarly,Zonal councils need to be revived to discuss the matters of common concern to states in each zone—matters relating to social and economic planning, border disputes, inter-state transport, etc.
  • India is the epitome of unity in diversity. However, in order to strengthen this unity furthermore, both the centre and state governments, need to imbibe the ethos of cooperative federalism.






POSTED ON 25-11-2022 BY ADMIN
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