How do you relate the growth of development of metropoles and its impact on the mental and social life of people in India. (UPSC CSE Mains 2018 - Sociology, Paper 2)
According to the Centre for Urban Design and Mental Health (UD/MH), cities are associated with higher rates of most mental health problems compared to rural areas: an almost 40% higher risk of depression, over 20% more of anxiety, and double the risk of schizophrenia, in addition to loneliness, isolation and stress. In India, while we are beginning to see how urban design impacts physical health, only a handful of experts understand the links between mental health and our poorly designed cities.
- The National Mental Health Survey in India (2015-2016) reiterated the growing burden of mental health issues in our metros. Some common conditions shown to be more prevalent in urban areas include depression, anxiety across age groups, high suicide rates, substance use disorders, and dementia.
- It is important to note that more women suffer from depression, especially those from lower-income groups. Increased stressors such as overcrowded and polluted environments, violence, and reduced social support are to blame.
- Even until a decade ago, senior citizens could commute easily, but today they are anxious to step outdoors. The fear of accidents, difficulties in crossing roads, chain-snatching incidents, absence of walkways, etc. have a negative impact on the elderly.
- The 2008 report on the State of Mental Health in Delhi shows high levels of distress and poor subjective well-being. “The significant stressors indicated were crowded roads, larger distances, traffic problems, disturbed and erratic routines, migrations of people resulting in a diluted culture and weak community links, lawlessness and fear for safety, especially of women, children and the elderly.
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