Human development approach affirms that education and health-care growth are more important than economic growth. Discuss this issue in the light of post-liberalized Indian society. (UPSC CSE Mains 2015 - Sociology, Paper 2).
The human development approach, as advocated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), emphasizes that education and healthcare growth are crucial components of human well-being and development, sometimes even more so than economic growth. In the context of post-liberalized Indian society, this approach has gained significance as it addresses the need for holistic development beyond GDP growth.
Education and Healthcare Growth in Post-Liberalized India:
- Human Capital Development:
- Education and healthcare contribute to the development of human capital, which is essential for a knowledge-based economy. A well-educated and healthy workforce is more productive and adaptable.
- Reduction of Inequality:
- Investment in education and healthcare helps reduce income and social inequalities. Improved access to quality education and healthcare can bridge the gap between the rich and the poor.
- Demographic Dividend:
- India''s demographic dividend, with a large working-age population, can be harnessed through education and skill development. This can drive economic growth and development.
- Healthier Population:
- A healthier population reduces the economic burden of disease and improves overall productivity. It also leads to a higher life expectancy and a better quality of life.
- Innovation and Technological Advancement:
- Investment in education fosters innovation and technological advancement, which are crucial for economic growth and global competitiveness.
- Gender Equality:
- Education and healthcare empower women and promote gender equality, leading to increased participation of women in the workforce and decision-making processes.
Examples:
- Kerala Model:The state of Kerala in India, known for its focus on education and healthcare, has achieved impressive human development indicators, including high literacy rates and low infant mortality rates. This model demonstrates the positive impact of investing in human development.
- Information Technology Industry:India''s growth in the IT sector is partially attributed to its emphasis on education and skill development. The country''s pool of well-educated and skilled workers has made it a global IT outsourcing hub.
- National Rural Health Mission (NRHM):The NRHM is a flagship government program aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and services in rural India. It has contributed to better healthcare access and outcomes in many regions.
In post-liberalized Indian society, the human development approach''s emphasis on education and healthcare growth is vital for sustainable and inclusive development. While economic growth remains important, investments in education and healthcare are essential to harness India''s demographic dividend, reduce inequality, promote innovation, and improve the overall quality of life for its citizens. As India continues to grow and evolve, prioritizing education and healthcare will be crucial in achieving holistic and equitable development.
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