1.

Who defended Sri Aurobindo in Alipore conspiracy case?

(a)  J.Nehru

(b)  M.N.Roy

(c)  C.R.Das

(d)  Saifudin Kitchlew

2.

In which of the following sessions of Indian National Congress, Jawaharlal Nehru spoke of socialism as the key to the solution of India’s problems? 

(a) Lahore

(b) Lucknow 

(c) Allahabad

(d) Ramgarh

3.

1. Radhakanta Deb - First President of the British Indian Association

 2. Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty - Founder of the Madras Mahajan Sabha

 3. Surendra Nath Banerjee - Founder of the Indian Association

Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

(a) Only 1

(b) Only 1 and 3

(c) Only 2 and 3

(d) 1, 2 and 3

4.

The correct chronological sequence of the following is

1. Wood''s Education Despatch

2. Macaulay''s minute on education

3. The Sargent Education Report

4. Hunter Commission

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 2, 1, 4, 3

(b) 2, 1, 3, 4

(c) 1, 2, 4, 3

(d) 4, 3, 1, 3

5.

Louis dane mission to Kabul was sent during the period of

(a) Dufferin          

(b) Dalhousie

(c) Lytton

(d) Curzon

6.

The Conservative Secretary of State who was responsible for the appointment of the Simon Commission

(a) Lord Birkenhead

(b) Lord Irwin

(c) Lord Reading

(d) Lord Montague

7.

How many of the following were in the Swaraj Party? 

(1) Srinivas Iyer

(2) Chittaranjan Das 

(3)  Vithalbhai Patel

(4) Rajendra Prasad

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(c) Only three

(d) All four

8.

Match these former revolts in 19^th century with these related areas. 

    Code

    (I)   (II)  (III) (IV)

 (a) 4   2    1     3

 (b) 2   3    1     4

 (c) 4   1     3     2

 (d) 4   1     2     3

9.

1. Dhondo Keshav Karve founded the Hindu Widow''s Home Association.

2. Dhondo Keshav Karve founded Bethune schools for women.

(a) Only 1 is true.

(b) Only 2 is true.

(c) 1 & 2 are true

(d) Neither 1 nor 2 is true

10.

1. The first printing press in India was set up by Portuguese.                                         

2. The first modern arsenal was established at Hyderabad.

(a) Only 1 is true.

(b) Only 2 is true.

(c) 1 & 2 are true

(d) Neither 1 nor 2 is true

·    

11.

Who among the following was the founder of the ''United Indian Patriotic Association'' with Syed Ahmad Khan? 

(a) Abdul Aziz

(b) Mohammed-ul-Hasan 

(c) Raja Shivaprasad

(d) Govind Das

12.

Which one of the following pairs is/are not correct?

1. Neel Darpan - Dinabandhu Mitra

2. Why I Am an Atheist? - Bhagat Singh

3. New India - Annie Besant

4. Som Prakash - I.C. Vidyasagar

How many of the above statements is/are correctlty paired?.

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(c) Only three

(d) All four

o  

13.

 Revivalist movements include

(a) Arya Samaj, the Ramakrishna Mission and the Deoband Movement

(b) Arya Samaj, Aligarh Movement and the Deoband Movement

(c) Prarthana Samaj, Aligarh Movement and the Arya Samaj

(d) Prarthana Samaj, Deoband Movement and the Arya Samaj

14.

Who among the following was not a member of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly?

(a) N. G. Ayyangar

(b) K. M. Munshi

(c) B. N. Rau

(d) Muhammad Saadulah

15.

The tendency for increased litigation was visible after the introduction of the land settlement system of Lord Cornwallis in 1793. The reason for this is normally traced to which of the following provisions?

(a) Making Zamindar’s position strong vis-a-vis the ryot

(b) Making East India Company an overlord of Zamindars

(c) Making judicial system more effi cient

(d) None of the above statements (a), (b) and (c) is correct.

16.

Which of the following are incorrect w.r.t “Non-Cooperation Movement”?.

1. People were asked to withdraw their children from government-controlled or aided schools and colleges.

2. Indian National Congress demanded federal-government.

3. Tagore issued the call of truth.

(a) 1 and 2

(b) Only 2

(c) 2 and 3

(b) Only 3

17.

Consider the following statements about Pulin Behari Das:

1. He executed the Barrah dacoity.

2. He founded the revolutionary Dhaka Anushilan Samiti.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

18.

He was appointed the Governor of Madras. He supported Sir Thomas Munroe on revenue administration. The Vellore Mutiny had resulted in his recall. Who is referred here?.

(a) Lord William Bentinck

(b) Lord Hastings

(c) Lord Cornwallis

(d) Warren Hastings

19.

At the time of the establishment of the Asiatic Society in Calcutta, who was the Governor-General of Bengal?

(a) Lord Cornwallis

(b) Lord Warren Hastings

(c) Lord Wellesley

(d) Lord Bentinck

20.

Consider the following statements about Jawaharlal Nehru:

1. He was the president of the Congress Session first held in a village in Faizpur in     1937.

 2. He represented India in the First round table conference.

3. He formed the first Congress ministry in United Province before India''s     independence.

Which of these statements are correct?

(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct

(b) 1 and 3 are correct

(c) 1 and 2 are correct

(d) None is correct

21.

Which of the following statements are correct about Lymphatic Filariasis ?

1. It is incurable.

2. It is a neglected tropical disease.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

22.

Which of the following was the secretary of state for India at the time of the foundation of Indian National Congress?

(a) Lord Cross

(b) Lord Elgin

(c) Lord Hamilton

(d) Lord Morley

23.

What was the reason for Mahatma Gandhi to organize a Satyagraha on behalf of the peasants of Kheda? 

1. The Administration did not suspend the land revenue collection in spite of a drought. 

2. The Administration proposed to introduce Permanent Settlement in Gujarat 

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only 

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

24.

The tribe that rebelled against the Britishers because the human sacrifice system was banned

(a) Kuki

(b) Khond

(c) Oraon

(d) Nackda

25.

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer.

     I  II  III  IV

(a) 3  2  4  1

(b) 3  4  1  5

(c) 2  3  4  5

(d) 4  2  3  1

1.

C

2.

Jawaharlal Nehru in his Presidential address spoke of socialism as the key to the solution of India’s problem at the session of Indian National Congress in Lucknow on 26 December 1936.

B

3.

The British Indian Association was established on 31 October 1851. The first committee of the association was composed of: Raja Radhakanta Deb – President, Raja Kalikrishna Deb – Vice-President, Debendranath Tagore – secretary, Digambar Mitra – Asst Secretary.

In May 1884, M. Veeraraghavachariar, G. Subramania Iyer and P. Anandacharlu established the Madras Mahajana Sabha. 

Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty was an Indian merchant, Indian independence activist and political activist who founded the Madras Native Association.

Indian Association was the first declared Nationalist Organization founded in British India by Surendranath Banerjee​ and Anand Mohan Bose in 1876.

B  

4.

Wood’s Despatch (Magna Carta of English education) – 1854; Macaulay’s Minute on Education - 1835; Sargent Education Report – 1944; Hunter Commission – 1882-83

A

5.

D

6.

It was Government of India Act 1919  that announced that in 10 years from 1919, a royal commission will be set up to report on the working of the act. Read the points below to understand the background of the Simon Commission:

·   Diarchy was introduced in India by the Government of India Act 1919. The Act also promised that a commission would be appointed after 10 years to review the working and progress made on the measures taken through the Act.

·   The Indian people and leaders wanted a reform of the diarchy form of government.

·   The Conservative Party-led government in the UK feared a defeat at the hands of the Labour Party in the elections due, and so hastened the appointment of a commission in 1928 even though it was due only in 1929 as per the 1919 Act.

·   The Commission was composed entirely of British members with not a single Indian member being included in it. This was seen as an insult to Indians who were right in saying that their destiny could not be determined by a handful of British people.

·   The Secretary of State for India, Lord Birkenhead had berated Indians on account of their perceived inability to formulate a concrete scheme of reforms through consensus among all sections of the Indian political scene.

·   Lord Birkenhead was responsible for setting up the Commission.

Clement Atlee was a member of the Commission. He would later become Britain’s Prime Minister during Indian independence and partition in 1947.

A

7.

After the Non-cooperation Movement, Congress was divided into two groups- the pro-changers and the no-changers. The pro-changers wanted to enter the legislatures. They were led by C R Das, Motilal Nehru, and Vithalbhai Patel. The pro-changers formed the Swaraj Party in AD 1923. Srinivas Iyengar and N.C. Kelkar were other important leaders of Swaraj Party. The biggest achievement for Swaraj Party was that Vithal Bhai Patel’ was elected as Central Legislative Assembly Speaker.

The no-changers wanted to boycott the legislatures. They were led by Vallabhbhai Patel, C Rajagopalachari, and Rajendra Prasad.

C  

8.

D   

9.

Dhondo Keshav Karve

On April 18, 1858, Dr. Dhondo Keshav Karve, the man who pioneered women''s empowerment in India, was born. Dhondo Keshav Karve, better known as Anna Karve, was a pioneer in empowering women and promoting widows'' education in pre-independence India. He was born in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra.

 • Child marriages were common in Indian society in the early twentieth century. When Karve was fourteen years old, he was married off to Radhabai, an eight-year-old girl. His parents orchestrated the wedding.

 • His wife, unfortunately, died in childbirth in 1891. He was left with a young son named Raghunath Karve, who, like his father, grew up to be a visionary social reformer. He was a math professor who pioneered sex education and birth control in India.

 • Two years after the death of his first wife, Dhondo Keshav Karve remarried a 23-year-old widow named Godubai, who had been widowed at the age of eight months.

 • He earned a bachelor''s degree in mathematics from Elphinstone College in Mumbai (then known as Bombay).

 • Dhondo Keshav Karve taught mathematics at Fergusson College in Pune, Maharashtra, from 1891 to 1914. He was inspired to campaign for women''s empowerment by statesmen such as Pandita Ramabai, Vishnushastri Chiplunkar, and Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar.

 • In 1893, he established the ‘Widhawa-Wiwahottejak Mandali,'' which encouraged widow remarriage while also caring for their orphaned children. Widhawa-Wiwaha-Pratibandh-Niwarak Mandali was renamed Widhawa-Wiwaha-Pratibandh-Niwarak Mandali in 1895. (Society to Remove Obstacles to Marriages of Widows). 

• In 1896, he founded the “Hindu Widow''s Home Association” (also known as Hindu Widows Home or Widows Home Association), a shelter and school for widows in Hingane, Maharashtra. He chose the remote location because he had been expelled from Pune''s orthodox Brahmin community for supporting widow remarriage and education.

 • He struggled to support his social reformatory efforts due to a lack of resources. He walked from Hingane to Pune for many years, both to teach mathematics at Fergusson College and to collect small amounts of money.

 • In 1907, he founded the Mahila Vidyalaya (Mahila Vidyalaya) (School for Women). He founded the Nishkam Karma Math (Social Service Society) in 1908 to train workers for the widows'' home and Mahila Vidyalaya.
• In 1916, he founded India''s first university for women, inspired by the Women''s University in Tokyo, Japan. With only five students, the university was founded in Pune.

 • From 1917 to 1918, he founded the Training College for Primary School Teachers and the Kanya Shala, a girls'' school.

 • A philanthropic industrialist named Vithaldas Thackersey donated 1.5 million Indian rupees to the women''s university in 1920. The university was renamed ‘Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey (S.N.D.T.) Indian Women''s University'' as a mark of respect.

 • He wrote two autobiographies, ‘Atmawrutta'' in Marathi (1928) and ‘Looking Back'' in English (1936).

 • In March 1929, he travelled to Malvern, England, to attend the Primary Teachers'' Conference. At a meeting of the East India Association in London''s Caxton Hall, he spoke on "Women''s Education in India."

 • He embarked on a yearlong tour of Africa in December 1930, sharing information about his work for women in India in places like Mombasa, Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, and Zanzibar. 

•The S.N.D.T. University established its first college in Mumbai in 1931, and later moved its headquarters there. 

• He founded the ‘Samata Sangh'' in 1944. (Association for the Promotion of Human Equality). The Government of India recognised S.N.D.T. University as a proper statutory university five years later, in 1949. 

• In 1955, the Government of India bestowed upon him the Padma Vibhushan, India''s second highest civilian honour. On his centennial birthday in 1958, he received the Bharat Ratna, India''s highest civilian honour. 

• Stamps commemorating his birth centenary were issued by the Indian government in 1958. The stamps featured a living person for the first time in independent India. 

• Dhondo Keshav Karve died in Pune, India, on November 9, 1962, at the age of 104.

The Hindu Female School owes its origin to John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune. What began as Hindu Female School in 1849 was renamed Bethune School in 1856.

In 1856, the Government took charge of the Hindu Female School, later renamed Bethune School. The Managing Committee of the school was then formed and Pandit Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was made the Secretary. In August 1878, Bethune School was amalgamated with Banga Maha Vidyalaya which was founded by Miss Annette Akroyd with the help of Durgamohan Das, Dwarka Nath Ganguly and Anandamohan Basu.

A  

10.

The first modern arsenal was established at Dindigul.

A 

11.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was anxious to put Muslims back into favor with the British, but the things were of later period than 1888. At that time, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan made it his special endeavor to persuade his co-religionists to keep aloof from the Congress, which was showing growing signs of opposition towards British policy and administration. In 1888 Sir Syed Ahmad established the United Patriotic Association, which included Muslims as well as Hindu members, all of whom were opposed to the Congress. In 1893 he formed the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Defence Association of Upper India, confining its membership to Muslims and Englishmen.

c

12.

Important books were written during the Indian freedom struggle

Development of Press in India

• James Augustus Hickey in 1780 started The Bengal Gazette or Calcutta General Advertiser, the first newspaper in India, which was seized in 1872 because of its outspoken criticism of the Government.
• Later more newspapers/journals came up—The Bengal Journal, The Calcutta Chronicle, The Madras Courier, The Bombay Herald.
• The Company’s officers were worried that these newspapers might reach London and expose their misdeeds. Thus they saw the need for curbs on the press.

Early Regulations on press

• Censorship of Press Act, 1799: Lord Wellesley enacted this, anticipating the French invasion of India. It imposed almost wartime press restrictions including pre-censorship.
• Licensing Regulations, 1823: The acting governor-general, John Adams, who had reactionary views, enacted these. According to these regulations, starting or using a press without a license was a penal offense. Rammohan Roy’s Mirat-ul-Akbar had to stop publication.
• Press Act of 1835 or Metcalfe Act: Metcalfe (governor-general— 1835-36) repealed the obnoxious 1823 ordinance. The new Press Act (1835) required a printer/publisher to give a precise account of premises of a publication
• Licensing Act, 1857: Due to the emergency caused by the 1857 revolt, this Act imposed licensing restrictions.
• Registration Act, 1867: This replaced Metcalfe’s Act of 1835 and was of a regulatory, not restrictive, nature. As per the Act, every book/ newspaper was required to print the name of the printer and the publisher and the place of the publication; and a copy was to be submitted to the local government within one month of the publication of a book.

Struggle by Early Nationalists to Secure Press Freedom

• Right from the early nineteenth century, defense of civil liberties, including the freedom of the press, had been high on the nationalist agenda.
• As early as 1824, Raja Rammohan Roy had protested against a resolution restricting the freedom of the press.
• The early phase of the nationalist movement from around 1870 to 1918 focused more on political propaganda and education, formation and propagation of nationalist ideology and arousing, training, mobilization, and consolidation of public opinion, than on mass agitation or active mobilization of masses through open meetings.
• For this purpose, the press proved a crucial tool in the hands of the nationalists. The Indian National Congress in its early days relied solely on the press to propagate its resolutions and proceedings.
• Many newspapers emerged during these years under distinguished and fearless journalists.
• These included The Hindu and Swadesamitran under G. Subramaniya Aiyar, The Bengalee under Surendranath Banerjea, Voice of India under Dadabhai Naoroji, Amrita Bazar Patrika under Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh, Indian Mirror under N.N. Sen, Kesari (in Marathi) and Mahratta (in English) under Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Sudharak under Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Hindustan and Advocate under G.P. Verma. Other main newspapers included Tribune and Akbar-i-am in Punjab, Gujarati, Indu Prakash, Dhyan Prakash and Kal in Bombay and Som Prakash, Banganivasi and Sadharani in Bengal.
• The national movement, from its very beginning, stood for the freedom of the press.
• The Indian newspapers became highly critical of Lord Lytton’s administration especially regarding its inhuman treatment of victims of the famine of 1876-77.
• The Government struck back with the Vernacular Press Act, 1878.

The Vernacular Press Act

• Objective: Designed to better control’ the vernacular press and effectively punish and repress seditious writing.
• The district magistrate was empowered to call upon the printer and publisher of any vernacular newspaper to enter into a bond with the government undertaking not to cause disaffection against the government or antipathy between persons of different religions, caste, race through published material.
• The printer and publisher could also be required to deposit security which could be forfeited if the regulation were contravened, and press equipment could be seized if the offense re-occurred.
• The magistrate’s action was final and no appeal could be made in a court of law.
• A vernacular newspaper could get an exemption from the operation of the Act by submitting proofs to a government censor.
• The Act came to be nicknamed ‘the gagging Act”. The worst features of this Act were—(i) discrimination between English and vernacular press, (ii) no right of appeal
• In 1883, Surendranath Banerjea became the first Indian journalist to be imprisoned.

Newspaper (Incitement to Offences) Act, 1908

• Aimed against Extremist nationalist activity, the Act empowered the magistrates to confiscate press property that published objectionable material likely to cause incitement to murder/ acts of violence.

Indian Press Act, 1910

• This Act revived the worst features of the Vernacular Press Act – local government was empowered to demand security at registration from the printer/publisher and forfeit/deregister if it was an offending newspaper, and the printer of a newspaper was required to submit two copies of each issue to local government free of charge.

D  

13.

The English educated intelligentsia felt the need for reforming the society before involving the people in any political programmes. The reform movements of nineteenth century are categorised as

1. Reformist movements such as the Brahmo Samaj founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, the Prarthana Samaj, founded by Dr Atmaram Pandurang and the Aligarh Movement, represented by Syed Ahmad Khan;

2. Revivalist movements such as the Arya Samaj, the Ramakrishna Mission and the Deoband Movement.

3. There were social movements led by Jyotiba Phule in Pune, Narayana Guru and Ayyankali in Kerala and Ramalinga Adigal, Vaikunda Swamigal and later Iyothee Thassar in Tamilnadu.  

A

14.

The chairman and members of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly are 

• Chairman: Dr B R Ambedkar

• N Gopalaswamy Ayyangar

• Krishnaswamy Ayyar

• Dr K M Munshi

• Syed Mohammad Saadullah

• B L Mitter ( resigned due to ill health ) New: N Madhava Rau

• D P Khaitan (Died in 1948) New: T T Krishnamachari

BN Rau was the legal advisor to the Constituent Assembly of India.

C

15.

Reforms of Cornwallis:

·       The reforms of Cornwallis had increased the litigation after the introduction of the land settlement system and the main reason for this was the removal of Court Fee and now everybody could drag anybody to the courts. The extension to the right of appeal was also one of the reasons. Court fees were abolished by Cornwallis and Lawyers were to prescribe their fees.

·       Zamindari System:

o   The Zamindars were made owners of the land where they earlier have been revenue collectors.

o   Since the settlement was made with the zamindars, it is known as the Zamindari Settlement.

o   The demand for land revenue was fixed and out of controlled revenue, 10/11th part was given to the company.

o   Sunset clause was also added for zamindars by the company.

o   It was introduced by Lord Cornwallis through the Permanent Settlement Act 1793.

D  

16.

• Indian National Congress demanded Swarajya or self-government.

•Tagore was outside India, after returned back he feel himself disturbed in such environment and soon he attacked the non-cooperation movement of Gandhi in his famous speech at Calcutta university institute called Satyagraham or the call of truth. Tagore openly criticizes the noncooperation calling it as political asceticism. He argued that instead of non-cooperation, India should stand on cooperation of all people of the world. Tagore further wrote that noncooperation hurts the truth. Love is the ultimate truth of soul in meeting the east and west. The other difference between them was like nationalistic and Internationalistic, Gandhi was a nationalistic and Tagore argues that nationalistic is always selfish and leads to moral pervasion. The burning of foreign clothes is selfish nationalism. While Gandhi argues that anyone who is not nationalist does not become an internationalist. Not only Tagore, their mutual friend C.F Andrews also criticized Gandhi on behalf of word foreign. They both thought that it created hate chaos among the people.

B

17.

The Barrah dacoity was the first major venture of the revolutionary terrorists of the freedom movement in 1908, in Dhaka district of East Bengal. Pulin Behari Das organized the dacoity which was conducted in the day light, when revolutionaries attacked the residence of the Zamindar of Barrah.

C  

18.

As Governor-General, Bentinck had  initiated an era of progress and reforms. He was undoubtedly the first Governor- General of British India who acted on the dictum that “the welfare of the subject peoples was a main, perhaps the primary, duty of the British in India”.

William Bentinck adopted a policy of non-intervention and non-aggression with Indian states. If at all he interfered in the affairs of the Indian states, it was only to end any form of misgovernment and never to annex any territory.

A

19.

https://indianexpress.com/article/research/how-india-started-protecting-monuments-and-established-the-archaeological-survey-of-india-8379331/

The Asiatic Society was founded by Sir William Jones in January 1784 to enhance and further the cause of Oriental research. A circular-letter was sent by Jones to a selected number of British residents of Calcutta with a view to establish a society for the Asiatic studies.

Lord Warren Hastings was the Governor-General of Bengal at the time of the establishment of the Asiatic Society on 15 January 1784 in Calcutta.

B

20.

Option – NOTE.

Only 1 is correct

B

21.

https://www.financialexpress.com/healthcare/news-healthcare/how-patient-support-groups-turning-their-pain-into-weapon-in-indias-battle-against-lymphatic-filariasis/3228648/

C

22.

A   

23.

In Kheda, Gujarat, the peasants were frequently plagued by poverty, famine, and British discrimination. The famine had destroyed the agrarian economy of the region. The revolt was against the taxes and rents that had to be paid to Britishers. The Government said that if the taxes were not paid, the property would be seized.

A  

24.

https://iasgoogle.com/news/the-1857-uprising-was-the-culmination-of-the-recurrent-big-and-small-local-rebellions-that-had-occurred-in-the-preceding-hundred-years-of-british-rule-elucidate-upsc-ias-mains-2019-general-studies-pap

The Khond was a group of native people that existed in places from Bengal to Tamil Nadu in Central India. This tribe led by Chakra Bisoi revolted against British rule from 1837 to 1856. The major cause of the revolt was the abolishment of the Mariah system, a tradition of human sacrifice among the Khonds, and the implementation of new taxes by the British Government.

B  

25.

ü A