India–Bangladesh Relations: Trust Deficit and Regional Cooperation

India played a pivotal role in the creation of Bangladesh in 1971. However, recent political shifts—including the 2024 protests, Sheikh Hasina’s departure to India, the interim government under Muhammad Yunus, and the rise of Tarique Rahman as Prime Minister—have reshaped bilateral dynamics.

Present Challenge: Trust Deficit

Despite diplomatic visits and symbolic gestures, Bangladesh seeks concrete policy actions from India to rebuild trust and strengthen cooperation.

Major Issues in Bilateral Relations

• Trade Restrictions: India’s earlier curbs on Bangladeshi goods, visa facilities, and market access remain contentious. Dhaka expects reversal to improve ties.

• Sheikh Hasina Issue: While earlier governments demanded her return for legal proceedings, the current leadership has softened its stance, hoping for goodwill from India.

• China Factor: Bangladesh is deepening ties with China and Malaysia for economic cooperation. Yet, India’s geographical proximity, shared borders, and river systems make it indispensable.

• Ganga Water Treaty (expiring Dec 2026): Critical for Bangladesh’s irrigation projects like the Ganges–Kobadak scheme. India’s role in water-sharing cannot be substituted by China.

Way Forward

• Adopt pragmatism in bilateral engagement.

• Focus on mutual trust-building through policy actions, not just symbolic gestures.

• Strengthen regional cooperation in trade, water-sharing, and connectivity.

• Recognize that Bangladesh’s stability is vital for India’s security and strategic interests.

Conclusion

India–Bangladesh relations remain strategically significant but are strained by a trust deficit. Moving forward, both nations must prioritize practical cooperation, equitable resource-sharing, and regional stability to ensure a resilient partnership in South Asia.