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Bhutan has historically been an ally of India, but the China-Bhutan border related issues have become a security issue for India. Discuss. 10 Marks. (UPSC CSE Mains 2024- Political Science and International Relations, Paper 2).
India and Bhutan''s relationship has a long history that dates back to the 8th century when Padmasambhāva introduced Buddhism to Bhutan from India. The historical ties between India and Bhutan can be traced back to centuries of cultural exchange, geographical proximity, and shared traditions. However, the formalization of diplomatic relations occurred with the signing of the Treaty of Friendship in 1949. Over the years, India has played a significant role in supporting Bhutan''s development efforts. This is particularly true in infrastructure, education, and healthcare sectors.
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However, China''s increasing presence in Bhutan, particularly along the disputed border between Bhutan and China, has raised concerns in India. India has been Bhutan''s closest ally and has played a key role in protecting Bhutan''s sovereignty and security. However, China''s growing economic and military influence in the region poses a challenge to India''s strategic interests in Bhutan.
India and Bhutan share a 699 km long border, which has been largely peaceful. However, there have been some incidents of border incursions by Chinese forces in recent years. The Doklam standoff in 2017 was a major flashpoint in the India-China-Bhutan tri-junction. Any escalation of such disputes could strain India-Bhutan relations.
If China and Bhutan reach a border deal that involves Doklam, it could compromise India’s access to its northeastern states through the Siliguri Corridor, also known as the Chicken’s Neck. India would also lose its leverage over Bhutan as a buffer state and have to deal with a potential two-front war scenario with China and Pakistan.
India has the confidence that Bhutan, as a trusted neighbor, will consider India''s interests along with its own when making decisions regarding its relationship with China. Building this mutual trust is essential to ensure stability in the region. Bhutan’s Prime Minister has assured India that any agreement with China would not harm India''s interests.
India-Bhutan relations are today characterized by maturity, trust, respect and understanding, and joint endeavors in ever-expanding areas of activity.
POSTED ON 20-03-2025 BY ADMIN
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