| Features |
Ionizing radiations |
Non-ionizing radiations |
| Definition |
Ionizing radiation consists of highly-energetic particles or waves that can detach (ionize) at least one electron from an atom or molecule. |
Non-ionizing radiation (or, esp. in British English, non-ionising radiation) refers to any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy per quantum to ionize atoms or molecules — that is, to completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule. |
| Examples and sources |
Ionizing radiation is abundant in space. A rain of particles, along with the electromagnetic radiation, arrives at the top of the Earth's atmosphere from space. Most of it is filtered by our atmosphere. |
Near ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave, radio waves, low frequency RF and static fields are all examples of non-ionizing radiation. |
| Health effects |
Ionizing radiation has many practical uses in medicine, research, construction, and other areas, but presents a health hazard if used improperly. If enough ionizations occur in a biological system, they can be destructive, by such means as causing DNA damage in individual cells. Extensive doses of ionizing radiation have also been shown to have a possible mutating effect on the victim's gametes. |
Non-ionizing radiation is not mutagenic. The use of this type of radiation in medical fields and everyday life poses fewer health risks than ionizing radiation in forms such as X-rays. Strong non-ionizing radiation has a heating effect.
They primarily affect eyes and skin which are the most exposed parts. |
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