Social organizations or institutions emerge from the social needs and situations of their members. These organizations serve as a means for individuals to adjust their behavior according to the environmental conditions. Lapiere states that "social organization encompasses all the ways in which people live and work together, particularly focusing on the structured, organized, and coordinated relations among society members." Social organizations at various levels facilitate and express collective behavior, coordinating and solidifying multiple interests of individuals and groups.

Capitalist Society

• Industrialization is the process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a pre-industrial society into an industrial one. It is a part of wider modernization process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particularly with the development of large-scale energy and metallurgy production. It is the extensive organization of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing. Industrialization also introduces a form of philosophical change, where people obtain a different attitude towards their perception of nature.
• According to EMILE DURKHEIM, “Division of labour or specialization” is the specialization of cooperative labour in specific, circumscribed tasks and roles, intended to increase the productivity of labour in Industrial society. Historically the growth of a more and more complex division of labour is closely associated with the growth of total output and trade, the rise of capitalism, and of the complexity of industrialization processes.
• Increasing the specialization may also lead to workers with poorer overall skills and a lack of enthusiasm for their work (Alienation). This viewpoint was extended and refined by Karl Marx. He described the process as alienation; workers become more and more specialized and work repetitious which eventually leads to complete alienation. Labour hierarchy is to a great extent inevitable, simply because no one can do all tasks at once; but of course the way these hierarchies are structured can be influenced by a variety of different factors. It is often agreed that the most equitable principle in allocating people within hierarchies is that of true (or proven) competency or ability. This important Western concept of meritocracy could be read as an explanation or as a justification of why a division of labour is the way it is.
• The concentration of labour into factories has brought about the rise of large towns to serve and house the working population. In a capitalist system, investments, distribution, income, production, pricing and supply of goods, commodities and services are determined by private decisions, usually within the context of markets. In a capitalist state, private property rights are protected by the rule of law of a government through a limited regulatory framework.
• According to Marx, the capitalist stage of development or ‘bourgeoisie society’, represented the most advanced form of social organization to date. But he also thought that working classes would come to power in worldwide socialist or communist transformation of human society as the end of the series of first aristocratic, then capitalist, and finally working class rule would be reached.
• According to Max Weber, Western Capitalism was, most generally, the “rational organization of formally free labor”. Industrial Society was characterized by Market Economy for Weber.

Capitalist society is hence characterized by the production and exchange of commodities for the purpose of accumulating money, driven by market forces and the principle of "production for exchange." The capitalist mode of production involves the majority of inputs and outputs being supplied through the market and the organization of production according to economic rationality and commercial logic. As capitalism evolves, it eventually reaches a stage where it must overcome its own limitations, as described by Marx''s theory of the transition from formal to real subsumption of production under the power of capital.