Article 105 of Constitution: The limits to free speech in Parliament, and what Supreme Court has ruled

• Article 105 deals with “powers, privileges, etc of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof”, and has four clauses. These are
• Freedom of speech is guaranteed in Parliament, subject to the provisions of this constitution and the rules and standing orders governing its conduct.
• No member of Parliament shall be subject to proceedings in any court with respect to anything said or any vote cast by him in the House of Commons or any of its committees, and no person shall be subject to such liability with respect to the publication of any report, paper, votes, or proceedings by or under the authority of either House of Parliament.
• In all other respects, each House of Parliament’s members, committees, and powers, privileges, and immunities shall have such powers, privileges, and immunities as may from time to time be determined.
• The provisions of sections (1), (2), and (3) shall apply to individuals who, pursuant to this constitution, have the right to speak in and otherwise participate in proceedings of a House of Parliament or any committee thereof, in the same manner as they do for members of Parliament.
• Article 105 envisages Parliamentary Privileges of a House in two different aspects—
• Collective Privileges: Various privileges such as internal autonomy, power to punish for contempt in case of breach of privileges and also external interferences by strangers, freedom of speech in the debates, and the passing of resolutions expressing the collective opinion of the members for the public interest, rule-making powers, etc. can be enjoyed collectively by the House itself.
• Individual Privileges: Privileges such as conferring protection from arrests of the members of both Houses in civil proceedings, freedom of speech and expressions in a much broader manner than that is guaranteed as a fundamental right to every citizen by the Constitution, etc. can be enjoyed by the individual members of the both Houses.

Giant Asteroid to hit Earth''s Atmosphere; Find out when will It happen

• 199145 (2005 YY128) is an asteroid whose orbit crosses the orbit of Earth.
• It orbits the sun every 774 days (2.12 years) in an elliptical orbit.
• 2005 YY128 is probably between 566 to 1.265 kilometers in diameter.
• Its orbit is 0**.03 astronomical unit from Earth''s orbit** at its closest point.

Asteroid

• Asteroids are small, rocky objects that orbit the sun.
• Although asteroids orbit the sun like planets, they are much smaller than planets.
• Most of them live in the main asteroid belt—a region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

Astronomical unit (AU)

• An Astronomical Unit (AU) is the average distance between Earth and the Sun, which is about 93 million miles or 150 million kilometers.
• Astronomical units are usually used to measure distances within our Solar System.

Latest News, Photos, Videos on Vulture Conservation In India

• They are medium-sized, dark vultures.

• Scientific name: Gyps bengalensis

• Distribution: Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and southern Vietnam.

• Habitat: Found mostly in plains and less frequently in hilly regions. Can also be seen in villages and cities near to cultivation.

• Features:

• Adults are 75 to 85 cm tall.

• White neck ruff, rump and under wing coverts.

• Adults tend towards black coloration, while younger individuals are browner

• Their wing span is 180 to 210 cm

• Weight: Ranges from 5 to 7.5 kg

• IUCN Status: Critically Endangered

  

Athagarh poaching rerun, elephant head sawed off in Similipal tiger reserve

• Location: STR is located within the Mayurbhanj District, in the Northern-most part of Odisha.
• It is surrounded by high plateaus and hills, the highest peak being the twin peaks of Khairiburu and Meghashini (1515m above mean sea level).
• The terrain is mostly undulating and hilly, interspersed with open grasslands and wooded areas.
• It was declared a ''Tiger Reserve'' in the year 1956 and included under the national conservation programme ''Project Tiger'' in 1973.
• The STR along with a ''transitional area'' of 2250 sq. km has been included as a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves by UNESCO in the year 2009.
• It is the only landscape in the world that is home to melanistic tigers.
• The region around STR is home to a variety of tribes including Kolha, Santhala, Bhumija, Bhatudi, Gondas, Khadia, Mankadia and Sahara.
• Flora:
• An astounding 1078 species of plants including 94 species of orchids are found here.
• Eucalyptus, are also the major floral attraction in the area.
• Fauna: Leopard, Gaur, Elephant, Langur, Barking and Spotted Deer, Sloth Bear Mongoose, Flying Squirrel, Porcupine, Turtle, Monitor Lizard, Python, Sambar, Pangolin etc

ISRO successfully launches SSLV-D2

• It has been developed by about 750 girl students across India.
• They contributed to the design and construction of the satellite built by Chennai-based startup Space Kidz India.
• The girls received training both online and, in some cases, in-person.
• Experiment materials were sent to these girls and they were guided on how to use it.
• “SpaceKidz developed basic and simple experiments that students can learn and assemble with the simultaneous support of their science teachers.
• Objective: It aims to measure various health data like temperature and reset count from 75 student experiments installed inside the satellite.