How can skill development programme induce social change? Illustrate. (UPSC CSE Mains 2020 - Sociology, Paper 2)
ILO estimates that 75 per cent of workers are involved in the informal economy, which accounts for 40 per cent of GDP; regarding the rural sector, a significant portion of employment is created in small-scale family agricultural units. The development of competencies is essential so that the workforce can move from informal economy to employments within the formal economy, and in order to increase labour productivity. Society perceives the impact of the development of competencies as jobs of higher quality, higher employment and formality rates, reduction of poverty, social inclusion, respect for labour rights and competitiveness in international markets.
Training should respond to the productive, technological, labour and socio-cultural context, as well as to the characteristics, conditions, needs and expectations of its target individuals. This is the dual relevance of training, both social and economical. Furthermore, the development of qualifications can also help build more equitable societies. There is a close relationship between the various forms of labour market exclusion such as unemployment, underemployment and low wages and poverty and discrimination. Therefore, training actions which contribute to solve such forms of exclusion will have a direct bearing on the fight against poverty and social exclusion. Social benefits include sensitive issues such as reducing violence and crime rates, and becoming more integrated to the family, the community or the society as a whole.” A passable training environment encourages team learning, as well as the development of knowledge and better attitudes, motivations and values, all of which lead to a better social integration. The recognition granted with a certificate of competence has significant values in the labour market and in the educational environment, promoting social participation and the commitment to lifelong learning.
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