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How far is it correct to say that the First World War was fought essentially for the preservation of balance of power? (Answer in 250 words). (UPSC IAS Mains 2024 General Studies Paper – 1)
The First World War, often referred to as the Great War, was a worldwide conflict that spanned from 1914 to 1918. It involved numerous major powers and resulted in extensive loss of life and widespread destruction. A significant factor contributing to the war’s outbreak was the ambition to preserve the balance of power in Europe.
Balance of power - a cause for the first world war
- Formation of Alliances such as the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) and the Triple Entente (Britain, France, and Russia), was a strategic move to balance military strength in Europe.
- Germany’s rapid economic and military growth was perceived as a threat by other European powers, particularly Britain. The naval arms race between Britain and Germany exemplified this power struggle, escalating tensions that contributed to the outbreak of war.
- Colonial Rivalries: Competition for colonies and global influence intensified rivalries among European nations. Incidents such as the Moroccan Crises (1905 and 1911) highlighted these tensions, as conflicts over African territories further strained relationships between France and Germany.
- Austro-Hungarian and Russian Rivalry in the Balkans: The Bosnian Crisis of 1908, when Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia, angered Russia and Serbia, exacerbating existing tensions in the Balkans. This rivalry played a crucial role in destabilizing the region and contributing to the war’s outbreak.
- France’s Desire for Revenge: After losing Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War, France sought alliances with Russia and Britain to contain Germany’s growing power. This desire for revenge fueled France’s involvement in the conflict.
- Preservation of Empires: The fear of losing imperial influence motivated British involvement, highlighting how imperial ambitions were intertwined with the balance of power considerations.
While the First World War was primarily fought to preserve the balance of power, it was not the sole cause. Nationalism, imperialism, economic rivalry, and domestic pressures also played significant roles, making the balance of power a central but not exclusive factor in the conflict.
POSTED ON 16-02-2025 BY ADMIN
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