A year on, only four States adopt Model Tenancy Law

• As per information available with MoHUA, the States of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and Assam have revised Tenancy Acts on the lines of Model Tenancy Act (MTA).
• The Model Tenancy Act aimed to balance the rights of tenants and landlords, and to “create an accountable and transparent ecosystem for renting of premises in a disciplined and efficient manner”.

latest guidelines on arrests and bail orders

• These guidelines are in addition to the earlier ones which the apex court had already laid down in the case of Arnesh Kumar vs State of Bihar (2014).
• The Court in the present case has also emphasised upon separate legislation on the law relating to bail and has also issued specific directions in this regard.
• On July 16, even the Chief Justice of India (CJI) cautioned against “hasty and indiscriminate arrests”. He further commented on the delay in bails and the plight of undertrial prisoners.

Sections 41 and 41A of the Code of Criminal Procedure.

• Section 41 of the Code provides for the circumstances in which arrest can be made by the police without a warrant and mandates for reasons to be recorded in writing for every arrest and non-arrest.
• Section 41A of the Code provides for the requirement of a notice to be sent by the investigating agencies before making an arrest in certain conditions prescribed by the Code.

Centre dumps draft law to stop attack on health workers

• This was revealed in the Ministry’s reply to a query filed under the Right to Information Act, seeking the status of the Healthcare Service Personnel & Clinical Establishments (Prohibition of Violence and Damage to Property) Bill, 2019.
• During a debate on an Ordinance in the Rajya Sabha to amend the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897, the then Health Minister Harsh Vardhan had said that there was a dramatic decline in the number of incidents of violence against health workers ever since the Ordinance was brought in.
• The Ordinance had proposed to make incidents of violence on health workers treating COVID-19 patients a non-bailable offence.

IIT Bombay to help BMC in treatment of sewage from drains

• To prevent sludge and sewage from 25 storm water drains between Bandra and Dahisar from flowing into the sea, Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) has planned in-situ treatment of sewage from the drains.
• This will be done with the help of Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay’s (IIT-B) N-Treat Technology.
• N-Treat is a seven-stage process for waste treatment that uses screens, gates, silt traps, curtains of coconut fibres for filtration, and disinfection using sodium hypochlorite.
• It is a natural and environment friendly way for sewage treatment. Its set up takes place within the nullah channels, that is through the in-situ or on-site method of treatment, and does not require additional space.

Four tribal revolts President Murmu invoked in her inaugural speech

Addressing the nation after being sworn-in, she invoked four tribal revolutions that she said had strengthened tribal contribution to the freedom struggle.

1. Santhal revolution: On June 30, 1855, over 10,000 Santhals were mobilised by their leaders — Kanho Murmu, Chand Murmu, Bhairab Murmu and Sidho Murmu – to revolt against the East India Company over oppression by revenue officials, zamindars, and corrupt moneylenders.
2. Paika rebellion: In several recent descriptions, the 1817 Paika Rebellion in Odisha’s Khurda is referred to as the “original” first war of Indian Independence.
3. Kol revolt: The Kols, tribal people from the Chhota Nagpur area, rose in revolt against the British in 1831.
4. Bhil uprising: After the British intruded into the Bhil territory in Maharashtra’s Khandesh region, the tribals pushed back fearing exploitation under the new regime in 1818. The revolt was led by their leader, Sewaram and was brutally crushed using the British military might.

Minister of Environment tabled data in Lok Sabha on human-animal conflict.

• Between 2018-19 and 2020-21, 222 elephants were killed by electrocution across the country, 45 by trains, 29 by poachers and 11 by poisoning.
• Among tigers, too, 29 were killed by poaching between 2019 and 2021, while 197 tiger deaths are under scrutiny.
• Among human casualties of conflict with animals, elephants killed 1,579 humans in three years — 585 in 2019-20, 461 in 2020-21, and 533 in 2021-22. Odisha accounted for the highest number of these deaths at 322.
• Tigers killed 125 humans in reserves between 2019 and 2021. Maharashtra accounted for nearly half these deaths, at 61.

India to set up joint theatre commands of tri-services

• He was speaking during a programme organised by the Jammu Kashmir People''s Forum here to pay tributes to the martyrs of the Indian Armed Forces.
• Referring to the defence production, Singh said, "India was the world''s largest importer (of defence products). Today, India is not the world''s largest importer but is among the top 25 nations engaged in defence exports," he pointed out.
• Singh said the country has started defence exports worth Rs 13,000 crore and it has fixed a target to increase it to Rs 35,000 to Rs 40,000 crore by 2025-26.
• This is Singh''s second visit to Jammu in a little over a month. He visited the region on June 17 on the occasion of the 200th year of coronation of Maharaja Gulab Singh.

The Government of India clarified that fresh milk and pasteurised milk are fully exempted from Goods and Service Tax (GST).

• Further, milk products like curd, lassi, butter milk and paneer are also exempted from GST if sold in forms other than those pre-packaged and labelled.
• In a written reply in the Lok Sabha, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said a nominal GST of 5 per cent applies to curd, lassi, butter milk and paneer when sold in pre-packaged and labelled form, and Ultra High-Temperature Milk.
• Further, a GST of 12 per cent applies to condensed milk, butter, ghee and cheese. GST exemptions and rates apply uniformly across States.
• She said GST rates are prescribed on the recommendation of the GST Council, which is a constitutional body comprising of representatives from both Centre and the States and Union Territories.