What do you understand by ‘mixed method’? Discuss its strengths and limitations in social research. 20 Marks (UPSC CSE Mains 2024 - Sociology, Paper 1).
Mixed methods research approach bines both qualitative and quantitative research methods within a single study or series of studies. It involves the integration of data collected through different techniques to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a research problem.
Strengths
- Complementarity:Quantitative and qualitative data complement each other, offering a more holistic view of the research problem. For instance, surveys (quantitative) can provide broad trends, while interviews (qualitative) can delve into the underlying reasons.
- Triangulation:Multiple data sources allow researchers to cross-verify findings, enhancing the validity and reliability of results. This addresses the limitations of single-method approaches, as highlighted by sociologists like Norman Denzin.
- Comprehensive insights:Mixed methods can answer complex research questions that cannot be fully addressed by either quantitative or qualitative approaches alone. This aligns with C. Wright Mills’ emphasis on understanding both individual experiences and broader social structures.
- Flexibility:Researchers can adapt their approach based on emerging findings, allowing for a more responsive and nuanced investigation.
Limitations
- Time and resource-intensive:Conducting both quantitative and qualitative research requires more time, expertise, and resources, which may not always be available.
- Complexity in integration:Merging different types of data can be challenging, potentially leading to inconsistencies or difficulties in interpretation.
- Philosophical tensions:Reconciling positivist (often associated with quantitative) and interpretivist (often associated with qualitative) paradigms can be problematic, as noted by sociologist Anthony Giddens.
- Potential for bias:Researchers may inadvertently prioritize one method over another, leading to skewed results or interpretations.
- Skill requirements:Researchers need proficiency in both quantitative and qualitative methods, which can be demanding.
In conclusion, mixed methods offer a powerful tool for comprehensive social research, but researchers must carefully consider its application, balancing its strengths against potential limitations and resource constraints.
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