What is Responsible AI?
Recently, the Covid-19 has accelerated India’s efforts with innovation and the emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) have compelled us to re-imagine our businesses and make them more agile, flexible and responsive.
Importance of Artificial Intelligence
Benefits on Economy
- Use of Artificial Intelligence in Transforming Agriculture: The farmers can now analyze a variety of things in real time such as weather conditions, temperature, water usage or soil conditions collected from their farm to better inform their decisions.
- The AI technologies help farmers optimize planning to generate more bountiful yields by determining crop choices, the best hybrid seed choices and resource utilization.
- The precision agriculture uses AI technology to aid in detecting diseases in plants, pests, and poor plant nutrition on farms.
- The AI sensors can detect and target weeds and then decide which herbicides to apply within the right buffer zone.
- AI could contribute more than $15 trillion to the world economy by 2030: The Artificial intelligence (AI) can transform the productivity and GDP potential of the global economy.
- The labour productivity improvements will drive initial GDP gains as firms seek to "augment" the productivity of their labour force with AI technologies and to automate some tasks and roles.
Benefits on Society
- The AI can dramatically improve the efficiencies of our workplaces and can augment the work humans can do.
- The AI can dramatically influence healthcare with better monitoring and diagnosticcapabilities.
- The society will gain countless hours of productivity with just the introduction of autonomous transportation and AI influencing the traffic congestion issues.
- The use of AI in the justice system also presents many opportunities to figure out how to effectively use the technology without crossing an individual’s privacy.
Benefits on Environment
- Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The AI may act as an enabler on 134 targets (79%) across all SDGs, generally through a technological improvement, which may allow to overcome certain present limitations.
- The AI can enable smart and low-carbon cities encompassing a range of interconnected technologies such as electrical autonomous vehicles and smart appliances that can enable demand response in the electricity sector.
- The AI can also help to integrate variable renewables by enabling smart grids that partially match electrical demand to times when the sun is shining and the wind is blowing.
- Fight against Climate Change: The AI can analyse data output, humidity, temperature, and other important statistics in order to find a way to improve efficiency, drive down costs, and reduce total power consumption.
Benefits on Governance
- Optimizing processes to become more efficient and productive: The public administrations can improve their workflows by using AI to route inquires, enabling automation of redundant work and reducing errors.
- Transforming services to make them better quality: It can improve patient outcomes by analyzing individual patient information to personalized treatment.
- Engagement of stakeholders: The AI can enhance the user experience for passengers by using historical and real-time data to predict demand and ensure that services are always available at the right time.
Benefits on Scientific Research
- Determining 3D shapes of Proteins: The ability to accurately predict protein structures from their amino-acid sequence would be a huge boon to life sciences and medicine.
- It would vastly accelerate efforts to understand the building blocks of cells and enable quicker and more advanced drug discovery.
- Improving Cancer Diagnostics: The goal is to use AI’s ability to recognize patterns that are too subtle for the human eye to detect to guide physicians towards better-targeted therapies and to improve outcomes for patients.
Risk associated with Artificial Intelligence
- Immediate risk of job automation: It is no longer a matter of if AI will replace certain types of jobs, but to what degree.
- According to a 2019 Brookings Institution study, 36 million people work in jobs with “high exposure” to automation, meaning that before long at least 70 percent of their tasks.
- Privacy, Security and the Rise of Deepfakes: The malicious use of AI could threaten:-
- Digital security (e.g. through criminals training machines to hack or socially engineer victims at human or superhuman levels of performance);
- Physical security (e.g. non-state actors weaponizing consumer drones); and
- Political security (e.g. through privacy-eliminating surveillance, profiling, and repression, or through automated and targeted disinformation campaigns)
- It will also give rise to hyper-real-seeming social media “personalities” that are very difficult to differentiate from real ones.
- AI Bias and Widening Socio-Economic Inequality: The AI is developed by humans and humans are inherently biased in addition to data and algorithmic bias.
- The AI has the ability to circulate tendentious opinions and false data that could poison public debates and even manipulate the opinions of millions of people.
- Autonomous Weapons and a Potential AI Arms Race: If any major military power pushes ahead with AI weapon development, a global arms race is virtually inevitable, and the endpoint of this technological trajectory is obvious.
- Unlike nuclear weapons, they require no costly or hard-to-obtain raw materials, so they will become ubiquitous and cheap for all significant military powers to mass-produce.
Future of Artificial Intelligence in India
- High Potential of increasing India’s GDP: The AI has the possibility to add $957 billion or 15% of the present gross value to the Indian economy by 2035.
- The AI can provide large incremental value to sectors such as energy, retail, manufacturing, healthcare, education, and agriculture.
- Health-Care Industry: The AI could assist in detecting fatal diseases like cancer ensure preventive therapy rather than reactive care with efficient use of algorithms and data.
- The tech giants like Microsoft are joining hands with both startups and reputed health care organizations to provide AI-based items like the 3Nethra which can check and detect eye issues.
- Education: India is home to a significant skill pool of Science, Technology, Math and Engineering graduates.
- The tech giants have been to offer short term education plans to computer program developers which assist them up-skill in the area of AI programming.
- The AICTE has recently included AI, IoT, and Machine Learning along with a couple of other subjects as mandatory topics inside its curriculum of B.Tech applications.
- Smart Infrastructure and Mobility: The concepts of AI could help reduce congestion on highways, tool civic systems in dealing with citizen grievances, appropriate repair, and upkeep of the public property.
Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence
- Respect, protection and promotion of human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms: The dignity of every human person constitutes a foundation for the indivisible system of human rights and fundamental freedoms and is essential throughout the life cycle of AI systems.
- Ensuring diversity and inclusiveness: It may be done by promoting active participation of all individuals or groups based on sex, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national, ethnic, indigenous or social origin in the life cycle of AI systems.
- Safety and security: The Unwanted harms (safety risks) and vulnerabilities to attacks (security risks) should be avoided throughout the life cycle of AI systems to ensure human and environmental and ecosystem safety and security.
- Transparency and Explainability: The transparency of AI systems is often a crucial precondition to ensure that fundamental human rights and ethical principles are respected, protected and promoted.
- Responsibility and accountability: The AI actors should respect, protect and promote human rights and promote the protection of the environment and ecosystems, assuming ethical and legal responsibility in accordance with extant national and international law.
- Awareness and literacy: The public awareness and understanding of AI technologies and the value of data should be promoted through open and accessible education, civic engagement, digital skills and AI ethics training.
Way Forward
- The AI can leapfrog us toward eradicating hunger, poverty and disease as well as opening up new and hitherto unimaginable pathways for climate change mitigation, education and scientific discovery.
- A global and science-driven debate to develop shared principles and legislation among nations and cultures is necessary to shape a future in which AI positively contributes to the achievement of all the SDGs.
- The technological pinnacle is an important distinction to recognize, both to elevate the quest to honor humanity and to best define how AI can evolve it.
- It is necessary to be aware of which tasks we want to train machines to do in an informed manner.
- The collective action, which could involve industry-level debate about self-policing and engagement with regulators, is poised to grow in importance.
- The organizations that nurture those capabilities will be better positioned to serve their customers and society effectively in order to avoid ethical, business, reputational, and regulatory predicaments.
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