1. The Personal Data Protection (PDP) Bill, 2019 was framed on the recommendations of which committee?
(a) Kirit Parikh Committee
(b) B P Jeevan Reddy Committee
(c) B N Srikrishna Committee
(d) Bibek Debroy Committee

2. With reference to Application Programming Interface (API), which of the following statements is/are true?
1. Open source APIs are publicly available to consumers as well as software developers.
2. Every web service is an API.
3. APIs are protocol agnostic; can use any protocols or design styles.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 1 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

3. Consider the following statements:
1. It is the first metal age of India.
2. Wheel made pottery mostly of red and orange colour was prevalent.
3. Inamgaon and Eran are important sites.
The above description is related to which of the following periods in Ancient History?
(a) Chalcolithic Period
(b) Neolithic Period
(c) Palaeolithic Period
(d) Megalithic Period

4. The conventions/protocol that mandates the sharing of benefits derived from the use of genetic resources that are covered by the Convention on Bio Diversity is
(a) Nagoya Protocol
(b) Basel Convention
(c) Kyoto Protocol
(d) Stockholm Convention

5. Consider the following statements:
1. Both India and Vietnam are serving concurrently as non-permanent members in 2021 at UNSC.
2. Both India and Vietnam are part of the Mekong-Ganga Cooperation (MGC) initiative.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?.
(a) 1 Only
(b) 2 Only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answers

1 (c)

The Personal Data Protection Bill 2019 aims to provide for protection of privacy of individuals relating to their Personal Data and to establish a Data Protection Authority of India for the said purposes and the matters concerning the personal data of an individual.
It was framed on the recommendations of B N Srikrishna Committee (2018).

https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/road-to-data-protection-law-7638088/

2 (d)

An ‘Application Programming Interface’ (API) is an interface that can be used to program software that interacts with an existing application.
An open source API, also called public API, is an application programming interface made publicly available to software developers.
Open APIs are published on the internet and shared freely, allowing the owner of a network-accessible service to give universal access to consumers. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
APIs vs Web Services:
APIs and web services are not mutually exclusive. In fact, one is a subset of the other: every web service is an API — since it exposes an application’s data and/or functionality — but not every API is a web service. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
APIs are protocol agnostic. While APIs can use any protocols or design styles, web services usually use specific protocols. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/how-to/a-guide-to-apis-software-that-helps-different-apps-work-together-and/articleshow/82620822.cms

3 (c)

The end of the Neolithic period saw the use of metals. Several cultures were based on the use of copper and stone implements.
Such a culture is called Chalcolithic and as the name indicates, during the Chalcolithic (Chalco = Copper and Lithic = Stone) period, both metal and stone were utilised for the manufacture of the equipment in day-to-day life.
It is the first metal age, copper and its alloy bronze which melted at low temperature were used for the manufacture of various objects during this period.
The specialty of the Chalcolithic culture was wheel made pottery mostly of red and orange colour.
The Malwa culture was a Chalcolithic archaeological culture which existed in the Malwa region of Central India and parts of Maharashtra in the Deccan Peninsula.
Sites of the Malwa Culture include Daimabad, Inamgaon, Kayatha, Nagda, Vidisha, Eran, Mandsaur, and Navdatoli (near Maheshwar).

https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/science/prehistoric-cave-paintings-discovered-near-delhi-ncr-a-look-at-indias-ancient-cave-arts/2294167/

4 (a)

The Nagoya Protocol applies to genetic resources that are covered by the CBD, and to the benefits arising from their utilization. The Nagoya Protocol also covers traditional knowledge (TK) associated with genetic resources that are covered by the CBD and the benefits arising from its utilization.
The CBD's 10th Conference of the Parties, in Nagoya 2010 adopted an international legally binding protocol on access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing.
https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/need-clarity-on-biological-diversity-act/2364402/

5 (c)

Recently, India and Vietnam signed a letter of intent (LOI) to collaborate in the field of digital media, paving the way for further strengthening the partnership between the two countries.
Cooperation at Multiple Fora:
At the UN Security Council, both India and Vietnam are serving concurrently as non-permanent members in 2021. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
India and Vietnam closely cooperate in various regional forums such as East Asia Summit, Mekong Ganga Cooperation, Asia Europe Meeting (ASEM).
The Mekong-Ganga Cooperation (MGC) is an initiative by six countries – India and five ASEAN countries, namely, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam for cooperation in tourism, culture, education, as well as transport and communications. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

http://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/34500/IndiaVietnam+Political+Consultations+and+Strategic+Dialogue