Discuss the efficacy of global conventions to combat international terrorism. (UPSC CSE Mains 2022 - Political Science and International Relations, Paper 2)
Scholars like Rhyle Vallis and others tried to lay down some of the key characters of terrorism for which Martha Crenshaw stated that terrorism is a violent action as a mean to political ends which are as follows:
- Acts or threats of violence
- The communication of fear to an audience beyond the immediate victim
- Political, economic, or religious aims by the perpetrator(s).
Terrorism can be categorized under the following verticals:
- Ethno-Nationalist Terrorism
- Religious Terrorism
- Ideology Terrorism
- State-sponsored Terrorism
- Narco Terrorism
- Cyber Terrorism, etc.
Peter R. Neumann in his book ‘Old & New Terrorism: Late Modernity, Globalization and the Transformation of Political Violence’ makes a credible case that globalization has been a facilitating factor in the transition from older to newer terrorism.
Some of the international instruments lying with combating terrorism:
- International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings, 1997
- International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, 1999
- International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear errorism, 2005, etc.
In addition to this, several international and regional bodies have framed laws related to the same like CCIT (proposed by India in UNGA), RATS (SCO), Christchurch Call, FATF, etc. The productivity and effi ciency lying with these organizations:
- CCIT (Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism), was proposed by India in UNGA at the 73rd session of United Nations General Assembly. However, the problem is lying with the uniform discussion of terrorism that has become a confl ict for different countries.
- RATS is a mechanism created in the regional platform like SCO. But, as HT Editor and Foreign Policy expert, Pramit Roy Chowdhury, stated that any step up of action against Pakistan can come as a major opposition from the key stakeholder like China. (Madhav Singh Puri stated that though there are a string of other stakeholders present in the group, it is still a China-centric group due to the name of the group, and because the group holds 25% of the global GDP, China acquires half of it.)
- FATF was established by OECD countries to curb terror funding. It has been effective by keeping terror haven countries like Pakistan under control through different metrics under the grey list category. However, it has somewhere given the cushion to avoid Pakistan to come into the black list category.
Next
previous
Latest News
EDITORIALS & ARTICLES
General Studies