• Qissa Khwani bazar was the site of a massacre perpetrated by British soldiers against non-violent protesters of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement on April 23, 1930.

Khudai Khidmatgar Movement

• • The Khudai Khidmatgar was a non-violent movementagainst British occupation of the Indian subcontinent led by Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a Pashtun freedom fighter, in the North-West Frontier Province.
  • Over time, the movement turned political,leading to the British taking notice of its growing prominence in the region.
  • Following the arrest of Khan and other leaders in 1929, the movement formally joined the Indian National Congressafter they failed to receive support from the All-India Muslim League.
  • Members of the Khudai Khidmatgar were organised and the men stood out because of the bright red shirts they wore as uniforms,while the women wore black garments.
  • The Khudai Khidtmatgar opposed Partition, a stance that many interpreted as the movement not being in favour of thecreation of the independent nation of Pakistan.

Reasons for Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre:

• • Abdul Ghaffar Khan and other leaders of the Khudai Khidmatgar were arrested on April 23, 1930by British police after he gave a speech at a gathering in the town of Utmanzai in the North-West Frontier Province.
  • Protests spilled into the Qissa Khwani Bazaar in Peshawaron the day of Khan’s arrest.
  • British soldiers entered the market area to disperse crowds that had refused to leave and the British army vehicles drove into the crowds, killing several protesters and bystanders.

Significance

• In Peshawar and surrounding areas, the Khudai Khidmatgar experienced some of the most extreme crackdowns against India''s freedom struggle. Later, Ghaffar Khan wrote that this was because the British government thought a non-violent Pashtun was even more dangerous than a violent one, claiming that this led them to repeatedly provoke the movement into becoming fierce, with little effect. The massacre created various instances of unrest throughout British India. This resulted in King George VI (Emperor of India) launching a legal investigation. The British Commission brought the case forward to Chief Justice Naimatullah Chaudhry, a distinguished Judge of the Lucknow protectorate. Subsequently, King George VI knighted Naimatullah Chaudhry, who surveyed the area of massacre personally and published a 200-page report criticising the actions of the British Indian Army. Anuncios The Khudai Khidtmatgar opposed the partition of India.

Additional Info

Abdul Ghaffar Khan

• Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988), the foremost 20^th-century leader of the Pashtuns ( a Muslim ethnic group of Pakistan and Afghanistan) was a follower of Mahatma Gandhi and wascalled the “Frontier Gandhi”.
• Ghaffar Khan met Gandhi and entered politics in 1919during agitation over the Rowlatt Acts, which allowed the confinement of political dissidents without trial.
• In 1920 hejoined the Khilafat movement, which sought to strengthen the spiritual ties of Indian Muslims to the Turkish sultan
• In 1921 he was elected president of a district Khilafat committeein his native North-West Frontier Province.
• Soon after attending an Indian National Congress (Congress Party) gathering in 1929, Ghaffar Khan founded the Red Shirt movement (Khudai Khitmatgar)among the Pashtuns.
• In 1987 he was awarded the Bharat Ratna Prize,the highest Indian honour that can be given to civilians. He was the first non-Indian to receive this honour.
  • Another non-Indian to receive Bharat Ratna isNelson Mandela (1990).
  • Mother Teresa, in 1980,became the first and only naturalised citizen to be awarded the Bharat Ratna.