Evaluate India's vision of a new world order. (UPSC CSE Mains 2019 - Political Science and International Relations, Paper 2).
New World Order
The new world order is a term that refers to the emergence of new forms of cooperation and dialogue among different countries and regions in the 21st century. It is a response to the challenges and opportunities posed by globalization, climate change, pandemics, terrorism, and other issues that require collective action and shared solutions.
- The expansion and diversification of the existing multilateral institutions, such as the UN, the IMF, and the World Bank,to include more voices and perspectives from the developing world and the Global South.
- The creation and strengthening of new regional and sub-regional organizations, such as theBRICS, the African Union, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and the European Union, that aim to promote regional integration, development, security, and cooperation.
- The emergence of informal networks and initiatives, such as the Alliance for Multilateralism, the G20, and the Quad, that seek to address specific issues or challenges that transcend national boundaries and require coordinated action.
- The recognition of the multipolar reality of the world, where no single country or bloc can dominate or dictate the global agenda,and where different actors have to engage in dialogue and negotiation to find common ground and mutual benefit.
India and the New World order
- India can play a leading role in the Quad and ASEAN,as well as other regional and sub-regional forums, to promote a free and open Indo-Pacific region that is based on the rule of law, respect for sovereignty, and peaceful resolution of disputes.
- India can also enhance its maritime security cooperation with like-minded countries to counter the challenges posed by China’s assertiveness in the region.
- India can contribute to the re-globalisation processby diversifying its trade and investment partners, especially in the Global South, and by developing its domestic capabilities in key sectors such as manufacturing, services, and innovation.
- India can also advocate for a more democratic and equitable global governance systemthat reflects the realities and aspirations of the emerging economies.
- India canuse its hosting of the G20 summit as an opportunity to showcase its vision and achievements as a global leader, as well as to forge consensus on important issues such as climate change, sustainable development, health security, and digital transformation.
- India can alsobridge the gap between the developed and developing countries by highlighting their common interests and challenges, and by proposing solutions that are inclusive and pragmatic.
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