What is the structure and functions of international Court of Justice?. (UPSC CSE Mains 2023 - Political Science and International Relations Paper – 2)
The International Court of Justice is a vital component of the international legal system. Its structure and functions are designed to promote peaceful dispute resolution, uphold international law, and contribute to the maintenance of world peace and security.
Structure of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)
- Judges
-
- The ICJ consists of 15 judges who are elected for nine-year terms by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council.
- Judges must have qualifications in international law, and their elections aim for a balance between different regions of the world.
- President and Vice President
-
- The President is elected by the judges and serves a three-year term.
- The Vice President assists the President and acts as the President when necessary.
- Registry
-
- The Registry is the administrative organ of the ICJ, responsible for the Court''s day-to-day operations and support to judges.
- It also helps in the communication between parties involved in cases.
Functions of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)
- Settlement of Legal Disputes
-
- The primary function of the ICJ is to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states. This includes disputes related to territorial boundaries, treaties, and state responsibility.
- Advisory Opinions
-
- The ICJ provides advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by UN organs and specialized agencies.
- These opinions offer legal guidance but are not binding.
- Interpretation of Treaties
-
- When states parties to a treaty have a dispute over its interpretation or application, they can request the ICJ to provide a binding interpretation.
- State Responsibility
-
- The ICJ determines the legal responsibility of states for actions that breach international law.
- It can award reparations or compensation to the injured state.
- Reviewing Customary International Law
- The ICJ''s decisions and opinions contribute to the development and clarification of customary international law.
- Promoting Peaceful Settlement of Disputes
-
- The ICJ plays a crucial role in promoting peaceful dispute resolution and the rule of law in international relations.
- Contributing to World Peace
-
- By resolving disputes between states, the ICJ contributes to the maintenance of international peace and security, which is one of its primary purposes according to the UN Charter.
- Promoting the Rule of Law
-
- The ICJ''s decisions and opinions are considered authoritative interpretations of international law, strengthening the rule of law in the international community.
The International Court of Justice is a vital component of the international legal system. Its structure and functions are designed to promote peaceful dispute resolution, uphold international law, and contribute to the maintenance of world peace and security.
Next
previous
Latest News
EDITORIALS & ARTICLES
General Studies