Write approximately 150 words on "Locke’s views on Revolution". (UPSC CSE Mains 2024- Political Science and International Relations, Paper 1)
John Locke’s ideas on the social contract and civil society have had a profound influence on modern political theory and the concept of government legitimacy.
- First Treatise: In this treatise, Locke refutes the concept of the divine right of kings and argues against absolute monarchy. He asserts that political power is not derived from God but from the consent of the governed.
- Second Treatise: The second treatise is the more influential of the two and focuses on the social contract and the role of government. Locke discusses the natural rights of individuals, the need for limited government, and the right of revolution.
- State of Nature: Locke introduces the concept of the state of nature, a hypothetical scenario where individuals exist without a government. He argues that in this state, individuals have natural rights but may face challenges in enforcing them.
- Property: Locke''s theory of property is a central theme in the second treatise. He argues that individuals have the right to acquire and possess property through their labor, and that the government''s role is to protect these property rights.
- Right of Revolution: Locke asserts that if a government fails to protect the natural rights of its citizens, they have the right to rebel and establish a new government. This right of revolution is a crucial aspect of Locke''s political theory.
- Influence on Democracy: Locke''s ideas on natural rights, limited government, and the consent of the governed have had a significant impact on democratic theory and the development of modern democratic systems.
Locke believed that a government should be beholden to the people rather than vice-versa. He became the first person in history to suggest that if a people disapprove of their government, they should possess the power to change it as they see fit. This idea came to be known as the right to revolution.
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