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April 08, 2021 - Daily Quiz

1. With reference to carbon nanotubes, consider the following statements: (1) They can be used as carriers of drugs and antigens in the human body. (2) They can be made into artificial blood capillaries for an injured part of human body. (3) They can be used in biochemical sensors. (4) Carbon nanotubes are biodegradable. Which of the statements given above are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only (c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
2. Consider the following activities: (1) Spraying pesticides on a crop field (2) Inspecting the craters of active volcanoes (3) Collecting breath samples from spouting whales for DNA analysis At the present level of technology, which of the above activities can be successfully carried out by using drones? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 3. "The experiment will employ a trio of spacecraft flying in formation in the shape of an equilateral triangle that has sides one million kilometres long, with lasers shining between the craft.” The experiment in question refers to (a) Voyager-2 (b) New Horizons (c) LISA Pathfinder (d) Evolved LISA 4. In India, the term "Public Key Infrastructure" is used in the context of (a) Digital security infrastructure (b) Food security infrastructure (c) Health care and education infrastructure (d) Telecommunication and transportation infrastructure 5. With reference to Foreign Direct Investment in India, which one of the following is considered its major characteristic? (a) It is the investment through capital instruments essentially in a listed company. (b) It is a largely non-debt creating capital flow. (c) It is the investment which involves debt-servicing. (d) It is the investment made by foreign institutional investors in the Government securities.   ANSWERS 1. (d) Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon, made of graphite and constructed in cylindrical tubes with nanometer in diameter and several millimeters in length. Their impressive structural, mechanical, and electronic properties are due to their small size and mass, their strong mechanical potency, and their high electrical and thermal conductivity. CNTs have been successfully applied in pharmacy and medicine due to their high surface area that is capable of adsorbing or conjugating with a wide variety of therapeutic and diagnostic agents (drugs, genes, vaccines, antibodies, biosensors, etc.). They have been first proven to be an excellent vehicle for drug delivery directly into cells without metabolism by the body. Then other applications of CNTs have been extensively performed not only for drug and gene therapies but also for tissue regeneration, biosensor diagnosis, enantiomer separation of chiral drugs, extraction and analysis of drugs and pollutants. CNTs are used in various biomedical applications like biosensors, diagnostic agents to visualize cancer cells. A multiwalled carbon nanotube–polyurethane nanocomposite (MWCNT-PU) can be used as vascular graft or blood capillaries. The disruption of red blood cells by PU and MWCNT-PU has been studied by measuring the absorbance of free hemoglobin. It has been found that the MWCNTs with an oxygen-containing functional group are well dispersed in polyurethane matrix. The number of platelets adhered to the MWCNT-PU nanocomposite surface was remarkably reduced in comparison to that of the PU surface. Investigation of platelet activation was done by the analysis of conformational changes in glycoprotein measured via flow cytometry. It is expected that this enabling technology would facilitate the making of nanodevices using these blood-compatible nanomaterials as building blocks for biomedical application such as artificial implants, including structural tissue replacements, that is, artificial blood vessels, or functional devices such as drug delivery matrixes. Multiple types of microbes including bacteria and fungi have the ability to degrade carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene (GRA), and their derivatives and in the future more species with this ability will be found. Hence, CNTs are biodegradable 2. (d) Drones are already well known to spread pesticides and inspecting volcanoes remotely. Since 2015 Researchers at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Cape Cod have begun using a helicopter-style drone to monitor humpback whales off the coast, collecting breath samples from their blowholes and taking aerial pictures. Getting a breath sample from a whale isn't the easiest task in the world. But with the help of a hexacopter, scientists are getting the job done. 3. (d) The Evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA), a mission planned that uses three separate, but not independent, interferometers installed in three spacecraft located at the corners of a triangle with sides of some 5 million km (3 million miles). This mission is to be carried out jointly by NASA and ESA.A mission to test the technology for eLISA, LISA Pathfinder, was launched by ESA in 2015. This is stationed around the L1 point between the Earth and the Sun which is nearly 1.5 million km away from the Earth. The aim of the mission is to demonstrate the technology needed to establish a space-based observatory to study gravitational waves. 4. (a) 5. (b) 


POSTED ON 08-04-2021 BY ADMIN
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