Chatbot

• Chatbots, also called chatterbots, is a form of Artificial Intelligence (AI)used in messaging apps.
• This tool helps add convenience for customers—they are automated programs that interact with customers like a human wouldand cost little to nothing to engage with.
  • Key examples are chatbots used by businesses in Facebook Messenger, or as virtual assistants,such as Amazon''s Alexa.
• Chatbots tend to operate in one of two ways—either viamachine learning or with set guidelines.
• However, due to advancements in AI technology, chatbots using set guidelines are becoming a historical footnote.

• Types
  • Chatbot with Set Guidelines:
    • It can only respond to a set number of requests and vocabulary and is only as intelligentas its programming code.
    • An example ofa limited bot is an automated banking bot that asks the caller some questions to understand what the caller wants to do.
  • Machine Learning Chatbot:
    • A chatbot that functions through machine learning have an artificial neural networkinspired by the neural nodes of the human brain.
    • The bot is programmed to self-learn as it is introduced to new dialogues and words.
    • In effect, as a chatbot receives new voice or textual dialogues, the number of inquiries that it can reply to and the accuracy of each response it gives increases.
      • Meta (as Facebook''s parent company is now known) has a machine learning chatbot that creates a platform for companies to interact with their consumers through the Messenger application.
    • Advantages
      • Chatbots are convenient for providing customer service and support 24 hours a day, 7days a week.
      • They also free up phone lines and are far less expensive over the long run than hiring people to perform support.
      • Using AI and natural language processing, chatbots are becoming better at understanding what customers wantand providing the help they need.
      • Companies also like chatbots because they can collect data about customer queries, response times, satisfaction, and so on.
    • Disadvantages
      • Even with natural language processing, they may not fully comprehend a customer''s input and may provide incoherent answers.
      • Many chatbots are also limited in the scope of queries that they are able to respond to.
      • Chatbots can beexpensive to implement and maintain, especially if they must be customized and updated often.
      • The challenges of AI metamorphosinginto sentient are far in the future; however, unethical AI perpetuating historical bias and echoing hate speech are the real dangers to watch for.

ChatGPT

• The ChatGPT can answer“follow-up questions”, and can also “admit its mistakes, challenge incorrect premises, and reject inappropriate requests.”
• It is based on thecompany’s GPT 3.5 series of language learning models (LLM).
  • GPT stands for Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 and this is a kind of computer language model that relies on deep learning techniques to produce human-like textbased on inputs.
• The model is trained to predict what will come next, andthat’s why one can technically have a ‘conversation’ with ChatGPT.
• The chatbot was also trained using Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF).

• Usage
  • It can be used in real-world applicationssuch as digital marketing, online content creation, answering customer service queries or as some users have found, even to help debug code.
  • The bot can respond to a large range of questions while imitating human speaking styles.
  • It is being seen as a replacement for the basic emails, party planning lists, CVs, and even college essays and homework.
  • It can also be usedto write code, as examples have shown.
• Limitations
  • The chatbot displayed clear racial and sexist biases,which remains a problem with almost all AI models.
  • The chatbot gives answers which are grammatically correct and read well– though some have pointed out that these lack context and substance,which is largely true.
  • ChatGPT occasionally produces inaccurate information and thatits knowledge is restricted to global events that occurred before 2021.

Bard

• Bard is based on the Language Model for Dialogue Application (LaMDA), Google’s own conversational AI chatbot.
• It will give in-depth, conversational and essay-style answers just like ChatGPT does right now.
• However, the model is currently a “lightweight” version of LaMDA, and the one being “requires significantly less computing power, enabling it to scale to more users.

• Features
  • It is built on Transformer technology, which is also the backbone of ChatGPTand other AI bots.
    • Transformer technology was pioneered by Google and made open source in 2017.
  • Transformer technology is aNeural Network Architecture, which is capable of making predictions based on inputs and is primarily used in natural language processing and computer vision technology.
    • The architecture determines how the network processes information and influences its accuracy and efficiency in solving a particular problem. Common architectures include feedforward networks, recurrent networks, and convolutional neural networks.

How is ChatGPT different from Bard?

• ChatGPT has impressed with its ability to respond to complex queries — though with varying degrees of accuracy — but its biggest shortcoming perhaps is that it cannot access real-time informationfrom the Internet.
  • But Microsoft just unveiled a new version of Bing that''s powered by ChatGPTwhich is a significant improvement of the version of ChatGPT.
• ChatGPT’s language model was trained on a vast dataset to generate text based on the input,and the dataset, at the moment, only includes information until 2021.
• Whereas, for questions where there might not be a clear-cut answer, Bard will synthesise a response that reflects differing opinions.
  • For example, the question, “Is it easier to learn the piano or the guitar?” would be met with “Some say the piano is easier to learn, as the finger and hand movements are more natural. Others say that it’s easier to learn chords on the guitar.”

Concerns of AI-Based Generative Chatbots

• The text generation software from Google and OpenAI, while fascinating and eloquent, can be extremely prone to inaccuracies, experts have pointed out.
• The ability to search the Internet in real-time, including content such as hate speech and racial and gender biases and stereotyping, could lead to problems, and take the sheen off these new products.
• Even with natural language processing, they may not fully comprehend a customer''s input and may provide incoherent answers.
• Many chatbots are also limited in the scope of queries that they are able to respond to.