How are geomagnetic storms caused?. Explain their effects on Earth.
Geomagnetic storm is a disturbance in earth’s magnetosphere. Their occurrence is influenced by solar flares emitted by the Sun. The increase in geomagnetic storms coincides with Sun’s 11-year solar cycle.
Formation
- Solar plasma particles present in solar flares come in contact with earth’s magnetic field area known as magnetosphere.
- This creates shockwaves that disturbs the magnetic field of earth for a temporary duration. Majority of the effect is directed towards polar areas.
Effects on Earth
- Decline in magnetic field
The geomagnetic storms can disrupt earth’s magnetic field strength. This lasts for about 6-12 hours and recovers gradually.
- Risk on astronauts and pilots
Astronauts and high-altitude pilots will be exposed to solar radiation. This radiation can cause many health related issues.
- Communication system
Radio communication, Global Positioning System and satellite communication will all be affected due to geomagnetic storms.
- Power supply
Outages can be caused in power supplies as a result of voltage surges due to altered magnetic activity. This is because of changes in magnetic field.
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