How is ageing becoming an emerging issue in Indian society?. (UPSC CSE Mains 2016 - Sociology, Paper 2).
India, like many other countries, is experiencing a significant demographic shift with a rapidly increasing elderly population. This transformation has brought ageing to the forefront as a crucial emerging issue in Indian society.
- Demographic Transition:
- Rising Elderly Population: India is witnessing a demographic transition characterized by an increasing proportion of the elderly population due to advancements in healthcare, better nutrition, and a decline in birth rates.
- Example: According to the World Population Prospects, the number of elderly individuals (60 years and above) in India is expected to reach nearly 319 million by 2050.
- Healthcare Challenges:
- Healthcare Access and Affordability: As people age, their healthcare needs increase. Access to quality healthcare and affordability of medical services become significant challenges for the elderly.
- Example: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and arthritis among the elderly necessitates specialized healthcare services.
- Social Isolation and Loneliness:
- Changing Family Structure: Urbanization and migration often result in the breakdown of the traditional joint family system, leading to increased social isolation and loneliness among the elderly.
- Example: Elderly individuals living alone in urban areas, especially when their children live in other cities or countries, face social isolation and a lack of emotional support.
- Financial Security and Pension Systems:
- Inadequate Pension Coverage: A significant portion of the elderly population lacks financial security, particularly those engaged in the informal sector without access to pension benefits.
- Example: The absence of a comprehensive social security net forces many elderly individuals to rely on family support, which can strain the resources of the working-age population.
- Elder Abuse and Neglect:
- Vulnerability and Exploitation: The elderly are often vulnerable to abuse, neglect, and financial exploitation, which are serious concerns within Indian society.
- Example: Cases of elder abuse, including physical, emotional, and financial abuse, are reported across the country, necessitating awareness campaigns and legal measures.
- Employment and Social Participation:
- Challenges in Employment: Limited employment opportunities for the elderly lead to financial dependency and a lack of social engagement.
- Example: Many elderly individuals face age-based discrimination in the job market, making it difficult for them to find suitable employment opportunities.
Ageing is undoubtedly an emerging issue in Indian society, with profound implications for healthcare, social support systems, economic policies, and societal attitudes. Addressing the challenges associated with an ageing population requires comprehensive strategies, including improving healthcare infrastructure, implementing social security measures, promoting intergenerational bonding, and raising awareness about elder rights and well-being. The holistic approach involves collaboration between the government, civil society, and communities to ensure a dignified and fulfilling life for the elderly in India.
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