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Jan 27, 2022
GUJARAT'S REPUBLIC DAY TABLEAU TO SHOWCASE TRIBAL MASSACRE 'WORSE THAN JALLIANWALA BAGH'
Gujarat’s tableau for the Republic Day parade will be based on an incident of tribal massacre ‘worse than Jallianwala Bagh’ that occurred in the State around 100 years ago.
British massacre of tribals in Gujarat
Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT):
Dark Matter:
Location of Pangong Tso
What is Anganwadi
Technology Platforms Established Under the Mission:
ARTPARK at IISc Bangalore
British massacre of tribals in Gujarat
- It was happened in the Pal-Chitariya and Dadhvaav villages of the district, then part of Idar state.
- This incident took place on March 7,1922.
- Villagers from Pal-Chitariya and Dadhvaav gathered on the banks of Her river under Tejawat’s leadership to protest against the land revenue tax (lagaan) imposed by the British and feudal lords.
- Tejawat had also mobilised Bhils from Kotda Chhavni, Sirohi and Danta to participate in the event.
- The Mewad Bhil Corps (MBC), a paramilitary force raised by the British, commanded by HG Sutton, fired bullets on people.
- He was the leader of the Eki Movement that was agitated in the 1920s in the adivasi-dominated border areas of present-day Rajasthan and Gujarat.
- He was born in Koliyari in 1886.
- He witnessed the suppression of local Bhil people at the hands of Thakurs and Britishers.
- His immediate source of inspiration was the Bijolia movement.
- He organized several meetings in Bhil villages in the erstwhile estate of Jhadol, which resulted in the formation of a committee that sought to articulate the grievances and demands of the Bhil peasantry.
- He was a big supporter of Gandhi Raj.
- He is said to have stated during speeches that once 'Gandhi raj' was established, the agitators would have to pay only one anna in the rupee.
- It was a peasant movement in the Bijolia jagir of the former Mewar state (in present-day Rajasthan in India) against excessive land revenue exactions.
- Leadership to the movement was provided, at different times, by Fateh Karan Charan, Sadhu Sitaram Das, Vijay Singh Pathik, and Manikyalal Verma.
- The movement continued till 1941 after a bitter struggle lasting about half a century, gained national attention and resisted state oppression.
Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT):
- According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), a CFIT incident is an accident in which there is a collision with terrain, water, or obstacle during a fight, without indication of loss of control.
- Mostly, CFIT accidents are avoidable in nature.
- The difference in CFIT accidents versus other types of aviation accidents is the fact that the aircraft remains under the control of the fight crew till the occurrence of the incident.
- An unexpected change in weather conditions resulted in barring communication with the ground-based stations.
- It led to led the Spatial Disorientation of the pilot resulting in a CFIT.
- Spatial Disorientation is a condition where the pilot loses the ability to correctly interpret aircraft attitude, altitude, or airspeed about the terrain of earth or other points of reference.
- Pilot training, including in simulators.
- Installation of Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) / Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS) in aircraft.
- Out of plane bending of the bar in barred galaxies (central bar-shaped structure composed of stars) is a rare violent bar thickening mechanism known as buckling.
Dark Matter:
- It is a hypothetical form of matter.
- It forms the skeleton on which galaxies form, evolve, and merge.
- The dark matter is thought to account for approximately 85% of the matter in the universe.
- The primary evidence for dark matter comes from calculations showing that:
- Many galaxies would fly apart
- Galaxies would not have formed
- The galaxies would not move as they do if they did not contain a large amount of unseen matter.
- Other lines of evidence include:
- Observations in gravitational lensing and the cosmic microwave background.
- Astronomical observations of the observable universe's current structure
- The formation and evolution of galaxies
- Mass location during galactic collisions
- The motion of galaxies within galaxy clusters.
- It is a theoretical form of energy postulated to act in opposition to gravity.
- The dark energy occupies the entire universe, accounting for most of the energy in it and causing its expansion to accelerate.
- One version of Einstein's gravity theory, the version that contains a cosmological constant, implies that "empty space" can possess its own energy.
- Because this energy is a property of space itself, it would not be diluted as space expands.
- As more space comes into existence, more of this energy-of-space would appear.
- As a result, this form of energy would cause the universe to expand faster and faster.
- In this theory, "empty space" is actually full of temporary ("virtual") particles that continually form and then disappear.
- There are four fundamental forces in the universe, and speculative theories have proposed a fifth force – something that can’t be explained by the four forces.
- The four fundamental forces are: Gravitational Force, weak nuclear force, electromagnetic force and strong nuclear force in order of increasing strength.
- To hide or screen this fifth force, many models for dark energy use special mechanisms.
- However, none of the theories have been proved.
- Due to this, Dark energy has been noted as “the most profound mystery in all of science”.
- A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing — no particles or even electromagnetic radiation such as light — can escape from it.
- The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole.
- The center of the black hole is known as singularity, which has zero volume and infinite density.
- The singularity is hidden by the surface known as event horizon.
- Only the most massive stars—those of more than three solar masses—become black holes at the end of their lives.
- One such supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, exists at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy.
- Stars with a smaller amount of mass evolve into less compressed bodies, either white dwarfs or neutron stars.
Location of Pangong Tso
- Pangong Tso is a long narrow, deep, landlocked lake situated at a height of more than 14,000 ft in the Ladakh Himalayas.
- The western end of the lake lies 54 km to the southeast of Leh.
- Approximately 50% of the length of the overall lake lies within Tibet China whereas, 40% lies in Ladakh India.
- The lake is in the process of being identified under the Ramsar Convention as a wetland of international importance.
- The Line of Actual Control runs along with the land and through the waters of Pangong Tso.
- Strategic importance: Very close to Chusul Valley, which was one of the battlefronts between India and China during the 1962 war.
- It is a civilian honour in India.
- It is awarded to Indian citizens for achievement in innovation, scholastic achievements, social service, arts and culture, bravery, or sports.
- Eligibility: Children between the age of 5 and 18.
- Instituted in 1996 as National Child Award for Exceptional Achievement.
- It was renamed in 2018 as Bal Shakti Puraskar.
- It is awarded to individuals and organisations that have made outstanding contributions in child development, child protection, or child welfare.
- Eligibility: It has two categories, for individuals and for institutions.
- Three awards are given in each category.
- In the individual category, Indian citizens who are 18 years old are nominated.
- Institutions working within any field of child welfare are nominated for the institutions category.
- Instituted in 1979 as the National Child Welfare Awards.
- It was renamed in 2018 as Bal Kalyan Puraskar.
- Gherkin is a term generally used to refer to a savory pickled cucumber.
- Gherkins and commercial cucumbers belong to the same species (Cucumis sativus), but are from different cultivar groups.
- They are cultivated exclusively on "contract farming'' basis.
- India has emerged as the largest exporter of gherkins in the world.
- Nearly 15%production of the world’s gherkin requirement is grown in India.
- Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana are the major gherkin producing states in India.
- Gherkins are exported under two categories -- cucumbers and gherkins, which are prepared and preserved by vinegar or acetic acid.
- India currently exports gherkins to more than 20 countries, with major destinations being North America, European countries and Oceanic countries.
- It was launched for 20 districts of Jammu and Kashmir.
- Prepared by: The Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG)
- Under this, policies, schemes and programs of the central as well as the state governments have been monitored at the district level.
- It will provide a robust framework for evidence-based assessment of the performance of all the districts in Jammu and Kashmir.
- The index will expand to other states and a good governance competition will start in every district of the country.
- It will work towards improving the district machinery, make districts result-oriented and improving the delivery mechanism.
- Jammu has topped the composite ranking, followed by Doda and Samba districts.
- Among 10 districts of Kashmir Valley, Pulwama has emerged as top performer in governance, ranking fourth in DGGI for J&K.
- Srinagar has bagged fifth rank.
- Kupwara has bagged 10th slot in DGGI.
- Among all the districts, Rajouri stood at the bottom of the ranking.
- In GGI, J&K saw an increase of 3.7% in Good Governance Indicatorsfrom 2019 to 2021.
- The performance was noted in the fields of commerce and industry, agriculture, judiciary and public infrastructure.
- Government of India launched the Good Governance Index 2021on the occasion of the Good Governance Day (25th December).
What is Anganwadi
- It is a type of rural child care centre in India.
- They were started by the Indian government in 1975 as part of the Integrated Child Development Services program to combat child hunger and malnutrition.
- Anganwadi means "courtyard shelter" in Hindi.
- To elicit community support and participation in running the programme.
- To carry out a quick survey of all the families, especially mothers and children in those families in their respective area of work once in a year.
- To make home visits for educating parents to enable mothers to plan an effective role in the child's growth and development with special emphasis on new born child.
- To assist in the implementation of health component of the programme viz. immunisation, health check-up, ante natal and post-natal check etc.
- To bring to the notice of the Supervisors any development in the village which requires their attention and intervention, particularly in regard to the work of the coordinating arrangements with different departments.
- To maintain cooperation with other institutions and involve lady school teachers and girls of the primary/middle schools in the village which have relevance to her functions.
- To identify the disability among children during her home visits and refer the case immediately to the District Disability Rehabilitation Centre.
Technology Platforms Established Under the Mission:
ARTPARK at IISc Bangalore
- It is an AI-driven platform that helped Chest X-ray interpretation of images sent over social media during COVID-19.
- The solution Xray Setu is quick and easy to use and can work with low-resolution images sent via mobiles, facilitating detection in rural areas.
- Developed by: IIT Bombay
- It is a tapestry method for screening COVID-19 under, supported by the Technology Innovation Hub (TIH) at IIT Jodhpur.
- It has led to the development of a new chest X-ray based COVID diagnosis System, Open Data for Indian and International COVID Cases – COVBASE.
- Developed by: IIT Ropar Technology Innovation Hub – AwaDH.
- It is a first-of-its-kind Internet of Things (IoT) device.
- It monitors ambient temperature during the transportation of vaccines, medicines, blood samples, food and dairy products.
- A consortium has been launched by IIT-Madras and other entrepreneurial start-up companies under the mission - Indian Space Technologies and Applications Consortium Design Bureau (I-STACDB).
- It will focus on building an end-to-end Atmanirbhar ecosystem for space technologies.
- NM-ICPS was launched in 2018.
- Implemented by: Department of Science &Technology.
- It was launched for a period of five years.
- Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) and its associated technologies, like artificial intelligence (Al), internet of things (loT), machine learning (ML), deep learning (DP), is playing a transformative role in all sectors.
- It has become imperative for government and industries to adopt these emerging technologies in order to improve the overall quality of life and sustainability of the environment.
- CPS and associated technologies within reach in the country.
- Adoption of CPS technologies to address India specific National / Regional issues.
- Produce next generation skilled manpower in CPS.
- Catalyze translational research.
- Accelerate entrepreneurship and start-up ecosystem development in CPS.
- Give impetus to advanced research in CPS, technology development and higher education in science, technology and engineering disciplines.
- Place India at par with other advanced countries and derive direct and indirect benefits.
- CPS technologies provide a cutting edge to a nation's scientific, engineering, and technologically innovative capabilities.
- The proposed mission would benefit national initiatives in health, education, environment, agriculture, Industry 4.0, SMART Cities, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) etc.
- CPS will indeed bring a paradigm shift in entire skill sets requirement.
- Innovation, and Start-up Ecosystem is an integral part of the NM-ICPS.
- The start-ups will create a number of technologies driven job opportunities in CPS and allied areas.
POSTED ON 27-01-2022 BY ADMIN
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General Studies
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Some Reference Essays
List of previous year essay topics (1997-2019)
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