"+89" and "+90" tricks - Indian Polity
The "+89" and "+90" tricks are mnemonic devices used to help remember corresponding articles in the Indian Constitution that relate to the Union (Centre) and states.
The 89+ trick
This rule helps you find the corresponding state article for a central article, especially those related to the Union Parliament and executive.
- For articles in Part V of the Constitution (The Union), which run from Article 52 to Article 151, you can often add 89 to a Union article number to find the corresponding State article in Part VI (The States).
- For example:
- Union (Centre): Article 72 gives the President the power to grant pardons.
- State: Adding 89 to 72 gives you Article 161, which gives the Governor the power to grant pardons.
- Union (Centre): Article 74 outlines the Council of Ministers to aid and advise the President.
- State: Adding 89 to 74 gives you Article 163, which deals with the Council of Ministers to aid and advise the Governor.
- Union (Centre): Article 76 is about the Attorney-General for India.
- State: Adding 89 to 76 gives you Article 165, which deals with the Advocate-General for the State.
|
Union Article
|
Content / Subject
|
State Article (Union + 90)
|
Corresponding State Article / Subject
|
|
112
|
Annual financial statement for the Union
|
202
|
Annual financial statement for the State
|
|
113
|
Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates
|
203
|
Procedure in State Legislature with respect to estimates
|
|
114
|
Appropriation Bills
|
204
|
Appropriation Bills in State Legislature
|
|
115
|
Supplementary, additional or excess grants
|
205
|
Grants in State Legislature
|
|
116
|
Votes on account, votes of credit, and exceptional grants
|
206
|
Similar provisions in State Legislature
|
|
117
|
Special provisions as to financial Bills
|
207
|
Similar provisions in State legislature
|
|
118
|
Rules of Procedure
|
208
|
Rules of Procedure in State Legislatures
|
|
119
|
Regulation of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business
|
209
|
Related provisions in State legislatures
|
|
120
|
Language to be used in Parliament
|
210
|
Language provisions in State Legislatures
|
|
121
|
Restriction on discussion in Parliament
|
211
|
Restrictions in State Legislatures
|
|
122
|
Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
|
212
|
Courts not to inquire into proceedings of State Legislatures
|
The 90+ trick
This trick is used for a different set of articles, usually those dealing with financial matters, which appear later in the Constitution.
- For articles from Article 112 to Article 122, you can add 90 to get the corresponding state article.
- For example:
- Union (Centre): Article 112 deals with the Annual Financial Statement (Union Budget).
- State: Adding 90 to 112 gives you Article 202, which deals with the Annual Financial Statement of the state.
|
Union Article
|
Provision
|
State Article (Union + 90)
|
Provision
|
|
112
|
Annual Financial Statement for the Union
|
202
|
Annual Financial Statement for the State
|
|
113
|
Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates
|
203
|
Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates
|
|
114
|
Appropriation Bills
|
204
|
Appropriation Bills
|
|
115
|
Supplementary, additional, or excess grants
|
205
|
Supplementary, additional, or excess grants
|
|
116
|
Votes on account, votes of credit, and exceptional grants
|
206
|
Votes on account, votes of credit, and exceptional grants
|
|
117
|
Special provisions as to financial Bills
|
207
|
Special provisions as to financial Bills
|
|
118
|
Rules of Procedure
|
208
|
Rules of Procedure
|
|
119
|
Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business
|
209
|
Regulation by law of procedure in Legislature in relation to financial business
|
|
120
|
Language to be used in Parliament
|
210
|
Language to be used in Legislature
|
|
121
|
Restriction on discussion in Parliament
|
211
|
Restriction on discussion in Legislature
|
|
122
|
Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
|
212
|
Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Legislature
|
How to use these tips effectively
- Understand the context: These are not hard-and-fast rules that apply to every article. They work primarily for parallel provisions between the Union and state executive and legislature.
- Focus on concepts: Rather than just memorizing numbers, use these tricks to remember pairs of related concepts. For example, the President''s pardon power is parallel to the Governor''s pardon power.
- Create your own mnemonics: Use these rules as a starting point and create your own memory aids for other articles or parts of the Constitution.
- Develop a strong foundation: There is no substitute for thoroughly studying the Constitution. These tricks are most effective when used as a supplement to help you recall what you have already learned.
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