What is 'Ageing' ? Discuss the major problems of aged people in India. (UPSC CSE Mains 2023 - Sociology, Paper 2)
Ageing is a natural and inevitable biological process that involves a gradual decline in the functional capacity of an organism over time, leading to an increased vulnerability to diseases and death. In humans, ageing is marked by a progressive deterioration of physiological functions, leading to impaired cognitive function, reduced physical and mental agility, susceptibility to diseases, and ultimately, death.
Major Problems of Aged People in India:
- Economic Problems: One of the major problems faced by the elderly in India is economic insecurity. With retirement, the regular income ceases and many elderly people are forced to depend on their savings or their children for financial support. For example, according to a report by HelpAge India, around 65% of the elderly population in India are dependent on others for their livelihood.
- Health Issues: With ageing, the physical strength deteriorates and many health issues like heart problems, diabetes, arthritis, etc., start to surface. The healthcare cost in India is skyrocketing and many elderly people are unable to afford the necessary treatments.
- Social Isolation: In the Indian context, where the joint family system is breaking down and giving way to nuclear families, the elderly often face social isolation. They are left alone at home with no one to interact with, leading to loneliness and depression.
- Lack of Respect and Abuse: There are numerous cases reported where the elderly are not treated with respect and are even subjected to abuse. This can be physical, mental, or emotional abuse, often perpetrated by their own family members.
- Inadequate Infrastructure: India lacks sufficient old age homes, healthcare facilities, and other necessary infrastructure for the elderly. This makes it difficult for them to lead a comfortable and dignified life in their old age.
Examples:
An example of the economic problems faced by the elderly in India can be seen in the case of 70-year-old Ram Prasad. After retirement, he was unable to support himself with his meager pension and had to depend on his children for financial support.
The health issues faced by the elderly in India can be exemplified by the case of 75-year-old Kamala Devi who suffers from arthritis. The high cost of treatment and medication has put a significant financial burden on her family.
Ageing in India is fraught with numerous challenges. The government and society need to work together to address these issues and ensure that the elderly can lead a dignified and comfortable life. This can be achieved by strengthening the social security system, improving healthcare facilities, promoting respect for the elderly, and creating an inclusive society that values and cares for its elderly population.
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